{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225694197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","title":"The Perceptions of Research Supervisors on the Academic Rating Index (ARI) in Transforming Postgraduate Supervision at Selected South African Universities","display_name":"The Perceptions of Research Supervisors on the Academic Rating Index (ARI) in Transforming Postgraduate Supervision at Selected South African Universities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225694197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161407762","display_name":"Brian Majonga\u00b9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Majonga\u00b9","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037438923","display_name":"Marcia Mkansi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-6735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-6735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcia Mkansi\u00b2","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11832","display_name":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","score":0.6660000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11832","display_name":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","score":0.6660000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.18119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.7196999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5764999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106399304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868123","display_name":"Snowball sampling","level":2,"score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884986","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","level":3,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522453465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58327829","display_name":"Social research","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020038283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42848","display_name":"Research data","level":3,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776342725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2620772","display_name":"Practicum","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153997805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240","display_name":"Research ethics","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87858587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative research","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11396684/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1737684243","https://openalex.org/W1995408540","https://openalex.org/W2062964696","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2344435249","https://openalex.org/W2465765140","https://openalex.org/W2601750103","https://openalex.org/W2624509573","https://openalex.org/W2766908170","https://openalex.org/W2902186120","https://openalex.org/W2909054533","https://openalex.org/W2935009127","https://openalex.org/W2942286908","https://openalex.org/W2942961492","https://openalex.org/W2947977315","https://openalex.org/W2951735588","https://openalex.org/W2964236337","https://openalex.org/W2971454803","https://openalex.org/W2993371666","https://openalex.org/W2996590516","https://openalex.org/W3008709909","https://openalex.org/W3022535278","https://openalex.org/W3023101591","https://openalex.org/W3042636467","https://openalex.org/W3092982352","https://openalex.org/W3119206644","https://openalex.org/W3131177613","https://openalex.org/W3138312483","https://openalex.org/W3160345858","https://openalex.org/W3160923728","https://openalex.org/W3186069161","https://openalex.org/W3203295976","https://openalex.org/W3203457275","https://openalex.org/W3208645186","https://openalex.org/W4205274701","https://openalex.org/W4244282414","https://openalex.org/W4285391473","https://openalex.org/W4285740877","https://openalex.org/W4289397552","https://openalex.org/W4319344709","https://openalex.org/W4324286901","https://openalex.org/W4366983432","https://openalex.org/W4367393984","https://openalex.org/W4367604732","https://openalex.org/W4377247992","https://openalex.org/W4386864011","https://openalex.org/W4387185734","https://openalex.org/W4390967712","https://openalex.org/W4391490345","https://openalex.org/W4391513555","https://openalex.org/W4397039571","https://openalex.org/W4401243748","https://openalex.org/W4401458041","https://openalex.org/W4403249712","https://openalex.org/W4403576820","https://openalex.org/W4404339823","https://openalex.org/W4406313576","https://openalex.org/W4407871395","https://openalex.org/W4410801691","https://openalex.org/W4411333418","https://openalex.org/W4413363425","https://openalex.org/W4415312501"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,182],"qualitative":[2],"study":[3,183],"employed":[4],"the":[5,10,13,82,92,126,134,147,168,176,185,189,206,209,220,225,254,258],"UTAUT":[6],"model":[7],"to":[8,74,145,250],"investigate":[9],"adoption":[11,207],"of":[12,81,106,125,137,163,171,178,191,208],"Academic":[14],"Rating":[15],"Index":[16],"(ARI)":[17],"as":[18,26,94],"a":[19,87,95,142,235],"tool":[20,97],"for":[21,98],"enhancing":[22],"research":[23,29,45,76,103,138,200,203,233,245],"supervision":[24,104,216],"quality,":[25],"perceived":[27,91],"by":[28],"supervisors":[30,46],"at":[31,47,224],"selected":[32,226],"South":[33,52],"African":[34],"universities.":[35,227],"Data":[36],"were":[37,62],"collected":[38],"through":[39],"semi-structured":[40],"individual":[41],"interviews":[42],"with":[43],"10":[44],"two":[48],"residential":[49],"universities":[50,151],"in":[51,102,188,196],"Africa,":[53],"recruited":[54],"using":[55,65],"purposive":[56],"and":[57,69,79,100,111,117,154,173,180,193,218,247,257],"snowball":[58],"sampling.":[59],"The":[60,161,202],"data":[61],"analysed":[63],"thematically":[64],"ATLAS.ti-24.":[66],"Performance":[67],"Expectancy":[68,71],"Effort":[70],"showed":[72],"potential":[73,122],"influence":[75,215],"supervisors\u2019":[77],"acceptance":[78],"use":[80],"ARI.":[83],"Social":[84],"Influence":[85],"had":[86],"limited":[88],"impact.":[89],"Participants":[90,140],"ARI":[93,127,210],"valuable":[96],"reflection":[99],"improvement":[101],"because":[105],"its":[107,131,159,263],"comprehensiveness,":[108],"accessibility,":[109],"simplicity,":[110],"clarity,":[112],"but":[113],"it":[114,153],"required":[115],"power":[116],"stable":[118,174],"internet":[119],"connectivity.":[120],"Any":[121],"negative":[123],"effects":[124],"could":[128],"not":[129],"outweigh":[130],"benefits,":[132],"especially":[133],"improved":[135],"quality":[136],"supervision.":[139,201],"expressed":[141],"strong":[143],"willingness":[144],"adopt":[146],"ARI,":[148],"provided":[149],"their":[150],"implemented":[152],"created":[155],"conditions":[156],"that":[157,205,231],"encouraged":[158],"use.":[160,264],"strength":[162],"Facilitating":[164],"Conditions":[165],"depended":[166],"on":[167],"sustained":[169],"availability":[170],"electricity":[172],"internet,":[175],"anonymity":[177],"ratings,":[179],"training.":[181],"reinforced":[184],"UTAUT\u2019s":[186],"application":[187],"area":[190],"evaluation":[192],"feedback":[194],"systems":[195],"higher":[197],"education,":[198],"particularly":[199],"shows":[204],"can":[211],"improve":[212],"supervisory":[213],"relationships,":[214],"policies,":[217],"reinforce":[219],"digital":[221],"transformation":[222],"agenda":[223],"It":[228],"is":[229],"recommended":[230],"future":[232],"involve":[234],"larger,":[236],"more":[237],"varied":[238],"sample":[239],"from":[240,262],"multiple":[241],"institutions,":[242],"including":[243],"students,":[244],"managers,":[246],"IT":[248],"staff":[249],"provide":[251],"insights":[252],"into":[253],"ARI\u2019s":[255],"effectiveness":[256],"ethical":[259],"issues":[260],"arising":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
