{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225664208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","title":"LINE-1 dysregulation: driving autoimmune disorders","display_name":"LINE-1 dysregulation: driving autoimmune disorders","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225664208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161345011","display_name":"Yuanxiuzhu Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125137","display_name":"First Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/034haf133","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanxiuzhu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161360039","display_name":"Yifei Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125137","display_name":"First Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/034haf133","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161359059","display_name":"Shao-Hua Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125137","display_name":"First Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/034haf133","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao-Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007501135","display_name":"Juan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-8668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-8668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125137","display_name":"First Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/034haf133","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749360","display_name":"Ke Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8262-4989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8262-4989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125137","display_name":"First Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/034haf133","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007501135","https://openalex.org/A5100749360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125137"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10434","display_name":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","score":0.1785999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-1-retrotransposition","display_name":"LINE-1 retrotransposition","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retroelements","display_name":"retroelements","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-production","display_name":"interferon production","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-stimulated-genes","display_name":"interferon-stimulated genes","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immune-activation","display_name":"innate immune activation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease-pathogenesis","display_name":"autoimmune disease pathogenesis","score":0.5640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6665999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6107000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47742525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13418826","display_name":"Innate lymphoid cell","level":4,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777349159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18055374","display_name":"Stimulator of interferon genes","level":4,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780194698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6005429","display_name":"Immune dysregulation","level":3,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171279029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5128320","display_name":"Classical complement pathway","level":4,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111289621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418772","display_name":"Pattern recognition receptor","level":4,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778278966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046488","display_name":"Interferon type I","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780237676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18052115","display_name":"BTLA","level":4,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121346293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340715","display_name":"Endogenous retrovirus","level":4,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1972542/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336564","display_name":"First Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/034haf133"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225664208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225664208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":150,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101230951","https://openalex.org/W1509378838","https://openalex.org/W1532925054","https://openalex.org/W1535401771","https://openalex.org/W1542158376","https://openalex.org/W1807797373","https://openalex.org/W1965141089","https://openalex.org/W1968251559","https://openalex.org/W1969888906","https://openalex.org/W1981915622","https://openalex.org/W1986319478","https://openalex.org/W1986829091","https://openalex.org/W1987332588","https://openalex.org/W1990015734","https://openalex.org/W1991031825","https://openalex.org/W1991333931","https://openalex.org/W1991392487","https://openalex.org/W1993231465","https://openalex.org/W1997758697","https://openalex.org/W2002190096","https://openalex.org/W2007589425","https://openalex.org/W2011658300","https://openalex.org/W2017749542","https://openalex.org/W2020936942","https://openalex.org/W2022126078","https://openalex.org/W2027853473","https://openalex.org/W2028575270","https://openalex.org/W2035509260","https://openalex.org/W2039575040","https://openalex.org/W2041152528","https://openalex.org/W2043726848","https://openalex.org/W2043959346","https://openalex.org/W2045696999","https://openalex.org/W2049309853","https://openalex.org/W2049994545","https://openalex.org/W2053476949","https://openalex.org/W2057539094","https://openalex.org/W2064184745","https://openalex.org/W2067391810","https://openalex.org/W2071472373","https://openalex.org/W2076699592","https://openalex.org/W2076945600","https://openalex.org/W2077231863","https://openalex.org/W2078418147","https://openalex.org/W2079671323","https://openalex.org/W2080056745","https://openalex.org/W2086739233","https://openalex.org/W2088534886","https://openalex.org/W2089488733","https://openalex.org/W2091030658","https://openalex.org/W2091885982","https://openalex.org/W2093606206","https://openalex.org/W2094472716","https://openalex.org/W2098474039","https://openalex.org/W2099610218","https://openalex.org/W2101731216","https://openalex.org/W2103026329","https://openalex.org/W2107513655","https://openalex.org/W2117423564","https://openalex.org/W2124521545","https://openalex.org/W2131212168","https://openalex.org/W2133402546","https://openalex.org/W2137007379","https://openalex.org/W2138231093","https://openalex.org/W2152036273","https://openalex.org/W2153586836","https://openalex.org/W2153593912","https://openalex.org/W2154171253","https://openalex.org/W2158882685","https://openalex.org/W2160063406","https://openalex.org/W2167317609","https://openalex.org/W2168909179","https://openalex.org/W2171946670","https://openalex.org/W2210213181","https://openalex.org/W2211372197","https://openalex.org/W2255362737","https://openalex.org/W2283479770","https://openalex.org/W2516620605","https://openalex.org/W2522005090","https://openalex.org/W2542088537","https://openalex.org/W2611434505","https://openalex.org/W2735349030","https://openalex.org/W2745112353","https://openalex.org/W2767157820","https://openalex.org/W2781901009","https://openalex.org/W2783888228","https://openalex.org/W2784999778","https://openalex.org/W2790179543","https://openalex.org/W2811010473","https://openalex.org/W2888600604","https://openalex.org/W2889300844","https://openalex.org/W2902054717","https://openalex.org/W2911642321","https://openalex.org/W2929611872","https://openalex.org/W2960183779","https://openalex.org/W2970440112","https://openalex.org/W3004660847","https://openalex.org/W3026112200","https://openalex.org/W3047698180","https://openalex.org/W3094058920","https://openalex.org/W3096648529","https://openalex.org/W3109691907","https://openalex.org/W3128986733","https://openalex.org/W3135367292","https://openalex.org/W3175735655","https://openalex.org/W3200534400","https://openalex.org/W3201275140","https://openalex.org/W3201670136","https://openalex.org/W3202746458","https://openalex.org/W3210835216","https://openalex.org/W3215951242","https://openalex.org/W4224215822","https://openalex.org/W4226154687","https://openalex.org/W4231495302","https://openalex.org/W4289637911","https://openalex.org/W4315631544","https://openalex.org/W4315865832","https://openalex.org/W4362691936","https://openalex.org/W4366463052","https://openalex.org/W4367601609","https://openalex.org/W4376133014","https://openalex.org/W4385377383","https://openalex.org/W4386244163","https://openalex.org/W4387341749","https://openalex.org/W4387564144","https://openalex.org/W4387880172","https://openalex.org/W4387959138","https://openalex.org/W4389727963","https://openalex.org/W4389729205","https://openalex.org/W4391424573","https://openalex.org/W4392769383","https://openalex.org/W4403901933","https://openalex.org/W4404926897","https://openalex.org/W4408181347","https://openalex.org/W4410441568","https://openalex.org/W4410628857","https://openalex.org/W4410728884","https://openalex.org/W4413019527","https://openalex.org/W4413802711","https://openalex.org/W4414022720","https://openalex.org/W4415033505","https://openalex.org/W4416822492","https://openalex.org/W7119145642","https://openalex.org/W7119500222","https://openalex.org/W7125797077","https://openalex.org/W7128395266","https://openalex.org/W7128406099","https://openalex.org/W7159872008","https://openalex.org/W7166520206","https://openalex.org/W7167518562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994847822","https://openalex.org/W2790179543","https://openalex.org/W4283399973","https://openalex.org/W3201275140","https://openalex.org/W3215951242","https://openalex.org/W4408343481","https://openalex.org/W2066718881","https://openalex.org/W4226154687","https://openalex.org/W2767399558","https://openalex.org/W2728188496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autoimmune":[0],"diseases":[1,46],"refer":[2],"to":[3,82,167,233,237],"a":[4,174,208],"spectrum":[5],"of":[6,18,39,55,66,96,103,129,147,159,204,211],"disorders":[7,79],"in":[8,77,123,244],"which":[9,62,215],"the":[10,32,37,52,67,94,101,115,145,163,186,198,212,227],"host":[11,68,164],"immune":[12,21,70,74,180,222],"system":[13],"aberrantly":[14],"attacks":[15,24],"self-tissues":[16],"instead":[17],"exerting":[19],"protective":[20],"functions.":[22],"Such":[23],"can":[25,120],"target":[26],"skin,":[27],"muscles,":[28],"joints,":[29],"and":[30,42,58,138,140,155,191,201,220,240],"even":[31],"nervous":[33],"system.":[34],"Interestingly,":[35],"despite":[36],"heterogeneity":[38],"affected":[40],"tissues":[41],"organs,":[43],"many":[44],"autoimmune":[45,104,192,234],"share":[47],"core":[48],"molecular":[49,133,199],"features,":[50],"including":[51,135],"upregulated":[53],"expression":[54],"interferons":[56],"(IFNs)":[57],"IFN-stimulated":[59],"genes":[60],"(ISGs),":[61],"reflects":[63],"robust":[64],"activation":[65,75],"innate":[69,73,179,221],"response.":[71],"Traditionally,":[72],"observed":[76],"these":[78,168],"was":[80],"considered":[81],"be":[83],"triggered":[84],"by":[85,207,214],"exogenous":[86],"pathogen":[87],"infections.":[88],"However,":[89],"accumulating":[90],"evidence":[91,229],"has":[92],"confirmed":[93],"presence":[95],"endogenous":[97],"triggers":[98],"that":[99,119],"drive":[100],"pathogenesis":[102],"diseases.":[105,193],"Type":[106],"1":[107],"long":[108],"interspersed":[109],"elements":[110],"(LINE-1":[111],"or":[112],"L1)":[113],"are":[114],"only":[116],"known":[117],"retroelements":[118],"replicate":[121],"autonomously":[122],"human":[124],"cells.":[125],"The":[126],"retrotransposition":[127],"process":[128],"LINE-1":[130,160,171,190,216,231],"produces":[131],"diverse":[132],"products":[134],"DNA,":[136],"RNA,":[137],"proteins,":[139],"entails":[141],"multiple":[142],"key":[143],"events:":[144],"assembly":[146],"LINE-1-derived":[148],"ribonucleoprotein":[149],"(RNP)":[150],"complexes,":[151],"genomic":[152],"DNA":[153],"nicking,":[154],"de":[156],"novo":[157],"insertion":[158],"fragments":[161],"into":[162],"genome.":[165],"Owing":[166],"biological":[169],"characteristics,":[170],"serves":[172],"as":[173],"critical":[175],"cellular":[176],"trigger":[177],"for":[178],"activation.":[181,223],"This":[182],"review":[183],"focuses":[184],"on":[185,197],"functional":[187],"association":[188],"between":[189],"We":[194,224],"first":[195],"elaborate":[196],"properties":[200],"replication":[202],"mechanisms":[203,213],"LINE-1,":[205],"followed":[206],"systematic":[209],"discussion":[210],"induces":[217],"IFN":[218],"production":[219],"further":[225],"summarize":[226],"current":[228],"linking":[230],"dysregulation":[232],"pathogenesis,":[235],"aiming":[236],"provide":[238],"insights":[239],"facilitate":[241],"future":[242],"research":[243],"associated":[245],"fields.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}