{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225660452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","title":"Efficient Spatial Joins on Large Geometry Sets","display_name":"Efficient Spatial Joins on Large Geometry Sets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225660452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3862479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2503711797","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","issn_l":"2374-0353","issn":["2374-0353","2374-0361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036444203","display_name":"Hannah Bast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-6776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-6776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Bast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-6776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043244372","display_name":"Patrick Brosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-6178","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-6178"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Brosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-6178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015615866","display_name":"Johannes Kalmbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Kalmbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10996","display_name":"Computational Geometry and Mesh Generation","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-join","display_name":"spatial join","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relationships","display_name":"spatial relations","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geos","display_name":"GEOS","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-generation","display_name":"candidate generation","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-circle-distance","display_name":"great circle distance","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openstreetmap","display_name":"OpenStreetMap","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-joins","display_name":"self-joins","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4041866","display_name":"Joins","level":2,"score":0.8712000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7475000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203689450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial database","level":3,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29123130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874709","display_name":"Computational geometry","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172722865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial query","level":5,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101454708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019","display_name":"Standard Model (mathematical formulation)","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3862479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2503711797","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","issn_l":"2374-0353","issn":["2374-0353","2374-0361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3862479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3862479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2503711797","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","issn_l":"2374-0353","issn":["2374-0353","2374-0361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505133516","https://openalex.org/W1526337814","https://openalex.org/W1623162668","https://openalex.org/W1874694348","https://openalex.org/W1981934656","https://openalex.org/W1990111898","https://openalex.org/W1993997820","https://openalex.org/W2032895458","https://openalex.org/W2046144220","https://openalex.org/W2056947206","https://openalex.org/W2112627361","https://openalex.org/W2125233616","https://openalex.org/W2133613202","https://openalex.org/W2150610799","https://openalex.org/W2155195832","https://openalex.org/W2293193511","https://openalex.org/W2430414709","https://openalex.org/W2550681991","https://openalex.org/W2567181308","https://openalex.org/W2788040518","https://openalex.org/W2911302472","https://openalex.org/W3138836727","https://openalex.org/W3177114341","https://openalex.org/W4321351527","https://openalex.org/W4380433169","https://openalex.org/W4388430367","https://openalex.org/W4399282180","https://openalex.org/W4404295080","https://openalex.org/W4406495868","https://openalex.org/W4417283730","https://openalex.org/W6892041688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999805697","https://openalex.org/W2171959456","https://openalex.org/W7097126612","https://openalex.org/W7097066628","https://openalex.org/W2014879296","https://openalex.org/W7096815482","https://openalex.org/W2111399468","https://openalex.org/W2989297339","https://openalex.org/W7099444675","https://openalex.org/W27246696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,59,221],"consider":[1],"the":[2,23,45,48,77,87,96,100,104,112,119,145,180,192,197,236,260],"following":[3],"standard":[4,34,101,146],"spatial-join":[5],"problem:":[6],"Given":[7],"two":[8],"sets":[9],"of":[10,20,26,29,44,76,79,83,161,196,213,238],"geometric":[11],"objects":[12,31],"in":[13,111,203],"2D":[14],"(points,":[15],"lines,":[16],"polygons,":[17],"and":[18,65,82,116,168,174,252,258],"collections":[19],"these),":[21],"compute":[22,191,235],"spatial":[24,109,154],"relations":[25],"all":[27,239,259],"pairs":[28,241],"intersecting":[30],"as":[32,69,71],"a":[33,61,207,243],"DE-9IM":[35,194],"matrix.":[36],"Most":[37],"previous":[38],"work":[39,227],"focuses":[40],"on":[41,122,206,270],"one":[42,98,117],"aspect":[43],"problem,":[46],"like":[47],"candidate":[49,51],"generation,":[50],"reduction":[52],"heuristics,":[53],"efficient":[54],"data":[55],"structures,":[56],"or":[57],"parallelization.":[58],"provide":[60],"complete,":[62],"fully":[63],"functional,":[64],"carefully":[66],"engineered":[67],"implementation,":[68,148],"well":[70],"an":[72,159],"extensive":[73],"experimental":[74],"evaluation":[75],"relevance":[78],"various":[80],"heuristics":[81,171],"three":[84],"variants":[85],"for":[86,215],"exact":[88],"geometry":[89],"comparisons:":[90],"our":[91,149,224,265],"own":[92,150],"implementation":[93,120,151,218],"which":[94,234],"preprocesses":[95],"geometries,":[97],"using":[99,118,249],"geometries":[102,126,165,200],"from":[103,201],"GEOS":[105,129,136,147,185],"library":[106],"(which":[107],"powers":[108],"joins":[110,155],"widely":[113],"used":[114],"PostgreSQL+PostGIS),":[115],"based":[121],"preprocessed":[123],"(so-called":[124],"\u201cprepared\u201d)":[125],"offered":[127,183],"by":[128,156,184],"(the":[130],"last":[131],"variant":[132,182],"is":[133,175],"possible":[134],"since":[135],"3.13).":[137],"In":[138],"particular,":[139],"we":[140,219],"find":[141],"that":[142],"compared":[143],"to":[144,226,263],"speeds":[152],"up":[153],"more":[157],"than":[158,179],"order":[160],"magnitude":[162],"when":[163],"complex":[164],"are":[166,172,267],"involved":[167],"no":[169],"prefilter":[170],"used,":[173],"still":[176],"consistently":[177],"faster":[178],"\u201cprepared\u201d":[181],".":[186],"Our":[187,256],"best":[188],"approach":[189,225],"can":[190],"full":[193],"self-join":[195],"1.4":[198],"billion":[199],"OpenStreetMap":[202],"2":[204],"hours":[205],"commodity":[208],"PC.":[209],"This":[210],"was":[211],"out":[212],"reach":[214],"any":[216],"existing":[217],"tried.":[220],"also":[222],"extend":[223],"with":[228],"within-distance(":[229],"\\(\\hat{d}":[230,246],"\\)":[231,247],")":[232],"joins,":[233],"distance":[237,245],"object":[240],"within":[242],"user-defined":[244],",":[248],"both":[250],"Euclidean":[251],"great-circle":[253],"meter":[254],"distances.":[255],"code":[257],"materials":[261],"needed":[262],"reproduce":[264],"results":[266],"freely":[268],"available":[269],"GitHub.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}