{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225660335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","title":"A Brain That Is Never Switched Off: Binary Neurons, One Local Learning Rule, Innate Wiring and Speech Only Through Muscles","display_name":"A Brain That Is Never Switched Off: Binary Neurons, One Local Learning Rule, Innate Wiring and Speech Only Through Muscles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225660335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126154381","display_name":"Zhiwen Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li, Zhiwen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8289-6393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126154381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14381","display_name":"Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-brain","display_name":"artificial brain","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-neurons","display_name":"binary neurons","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-learning","display_name":"Hebbian learning","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-learning-rules","display_name":"local learning rules","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-decay","display_name":"weight decay","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"prefrontal cortex","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-generation","display_name":"speech generation","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-free-learning","display_name":"reward-free learning","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.7031000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117838684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533483","display_name":"Local field potential","level":2,"score":0.5378000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778617256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728285","display_name":"Broca's area","level":2,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779127903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510194","display_name":"Learning rule","level":3,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777379011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938545","display_name":"Implicit learning","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97108695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508265","display_name":"Leabra","level":5,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93424556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080996","display_name":"Sensory memory","level":4,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382491562","https://openalex.org/W109611971","https://openalex.org/W7213319180","https://openalex.org/W4412500937","https://openalex.org/W4415334521","https://openalex.org/W2035651017","https://openalex.org/W7035720905","https://openalex.org/W7099989744","https://openalex.org/W1977340386","https://openalex.org/W2888616991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,121,250],"describe":[1],"concept-brain,":[2],"a":[3,40,70,82,85,102,127,132,171],"research":[4],"prototype":[5],"of":[6,28,65,139,146,161,230,260],"an":[7,112,147,174,239],"artificial":[8],"brain":[9,163,189],"that":[10,93,104,110,135],"lives":[11],"one":[12,35,50,117,219],"continuous":[13],"life:":[14],"it":[15,181,242],"is":[16,84,92,100,143,182,258],"never":[17,19,22],"reset,":[18],"frozen":[20],"and":[21,49,54,156,169,185,197,213,238,267,280],"trained":[23],"offline.":[24],"It":[25],"consists":[26],"only":[27,56,101,192],"binary":[29],"neurons":[30,68],"wired":[31],"at":[32,227],"birth":[33],"by":[34,191],"generator":[36],"(three-dimensional,":[37],"local,":[38],"random),":[39],"single":[41],"local":[42],"Hebbian":[43,137],"learning":[44],"rule":[45,129,167],"with":[46,154,198,234,271],"concave":[47],"growth":[48],"global":[51],"weight":[52],"decay,":[53],"output":[55],"through":[57],"simulated":[58],"muscles.":[59,98],"Sensory":[60],"areas":[61],"send":[62],"one-to-one":[63],"\"copies\"":[64],"their":[66],"feature":[67],"to":[69,96,118,194,201],"multi-layer":[71],"prefrontal":[72],"cortex":[73],"(PFC)":[74],"whose":[75],"last":[76,116,141],"layer":[77,142],"predicts":[78],"the":[79,97,108,115,124,136,140,144,162,166,188,203,228,272,281],"next":[80],"input;":[81],"thought":[83],"first-layer":[86],"copy":[87],"lit":[88],"from":[89,165],"inside;":[90],"speaking":[91],"prediction":[94],"returned":[95],"Reward":[99],"tool":[103],"strengthens":[105],"or":[106,220],"weakens":[107],"links":[109,237],"produced":[111],"action":[113],"in":[114,244],"two":[119,221],"seconds.":[120],"give":[122],"(i)":[123],"architecture":[125],"as":[126],"short":[128],"set;":[130,168],"(ii)":[131],"theory":[133],"showing":[134],"readout":[138,145],"autoregressive":[148],"language":[149],"model":[150],"under":[151],"stated":[152],"conditions,":[153],"signal-to-noise":[155],"timing":[157],"analyses;":[158],"(iii)":[159],"measurements":[160],"built":[164],"(iv)":[170],"test":[172],"on":[173],"invented":[175],"thirteen-word":[176],"logic":[177],"language,":[178],"chosen":[179],"because":[180],"small,":[183],"exact":[184],"reproducible.":[186],"There":[187],"learns,":[190],"listening":[193],"others'":[195],"dialogues":[196,212],"no":[199],"reward,":[200],"expect":[202],"right":[204],"answer":[205],"word":[206],"after":[207,214],"\"T":[208],"?\"":[209,217],"within":[210,218],"20":[211],"\"NOT":[215],"T":[216],"hearings,":[222],"once":[223],"sentences":[224],"are":[225],"spoken":[226],"pace":[229],"its":[231],"working-memory":[232],"window;":[233],"hand-wired":[235],"word-muscle":[236],"innate":[240],"brake":[241],"answers":[243],"turn":[245],"without":[246],"talking":[247],"over":[248],"others.":[249],"list":[251],"what":[252],"does":[253],"not":[254],"work":[255],"yet,":[256],"which":[257],"most":[259],"language.":[261],"Files:":[262],"concept-brain.pdf":[263],"(English,":[264],"13":[265],"pages)":[266],"concept-brain-zh.pdf":[268],"(Chinese":[269],"version":[270],"same":[273],"content,":[274],"11":[275],"pages;":[276],"\u4e2d\u6587\u7248).":[277],"Code,":[278],"experiments":[279],"full":[282],"architecture:":[283],"github.com/leeR1ven/concept-brain":[284],"(software":[285],"DOI":[286],"10.5281/zenodo.24084045).":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
