{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225659355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","title":"Pre-synaptic facilitation of corticospinal output improves dexterity and fine motor control after stroke","display_name":"Pre-synaptic facilitation of corticospinal output improves dexterity and fine motor control after stroke","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225659355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065198974","display_name":"Daryl Pinion Fields","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-2996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-2996","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8521-865X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arianna Damiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8521-865X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093204470","display_name":"Nicol\u00f2 Macellari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7145-0779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7145-0779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolo Macellari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7145-0779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129814127","display_name":"Zikai Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zikai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062343908","display_name":"Lucy Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5462-832X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5462-832X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy T Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5462-832X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119088091","display_name":"Catherine Jezerc","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Jezerc","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161349135","display_name":"Lilly W Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilly W Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102342475","display_name":"Katie Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katie Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161325309","display_name":"Miles Uribe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miles Uribe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078477604","display_name":"Chaitanya Goswami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-8821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-8821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaitanya Goswami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161356794","display_name":"Kelly A Hoffmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly A Hoffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017533386","display_name":"Tyler W. Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-4647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-4647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079441861","display_name":"Erinn M. Grigsby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-6488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-6488","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-7286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erinn M Grigsby","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-6488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161332896","display_name":"Isabella Naddeo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella Naddeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161360926","display_name":"Peter Gerszten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gerszten","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077101588","display_name":"Marco Capogrosso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-316X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-316X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-3951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Capogrosso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-316X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013584913","display_name":"Jorge Alvaro Gonzalez-Martinez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7034","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-2996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge A Gonzalez-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018322134","display_name":"Elvira Pirondini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-3951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-3951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elvira Pirondini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065198974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.08529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticospinal-tract-lesions","display_name":"corticospinal tract lesions","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-brain-stimulation","display_name":"deep brain stimulation","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-thalamus","display_name":"motor thalamus","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalamocortical-projections","display_name":"thalamocortical connections","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-motor-cortex","display_name":"primary motor cortex","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb-paralysis","display_name":"upper limb paralysis","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-motor-control","display_name":"fine motor control","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monosynaptic-connections","display_name":"monosynaptic connections","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonhuman-primates","display_name":"non-human primates","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779779279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19915308","display_name":"Corticospinal tract","level":4,"score":0.8402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968731","display_name":"Pyramidal tracts","level":2,"score":0.6395000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","level":4,"score":0.6317999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1337776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941955","display_name":"Facilitation","level":2,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.6255999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779246727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184215","display_name":"Thalamus","level":2,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779618896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107231","display_name":"Paralysis","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908568088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25348264","display_name":"Hand muscles","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992241549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor area","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467403","display_name":"Supplementary motor area","level":3,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778261627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608695","display_name":"Movement disorders","level":3,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777348757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577","display_name":"Cortex (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171139928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915553","display_name":"Motor system","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47611674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849491","display_name":"Neuroplasticity","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7514754","display_name":"Silent period","level":4,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.764958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140507811","https://openalex.org/W4403040316","https://openalex.org/W4407933814","https://openalex.org/W2562633466","https://openalex.org/W4407934878","https://openalex.org/W2105162243","https://openalex.org/W2067215918","https://openalex.org/W7096181322","https://openalex.org/W3160401400","https://openalex.org/W2914142804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"corticospinal":[1,19,73,132],"tract":[2,74],"(CST)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5],"neural":[6],"pathway":[7],"that":[8,116],"supports":[9],"skilled":[10],"use":[11],"of":[12,18,26,32,146],"the":[13,131],"arm":[14,65,91],"and":[15,30,34,62,66,92,100,111,121],"hand.":[16],"Lesions":[17],"axons":[20],"result":[21],"in":[22,69,137],"muscle":[23],"weakness,":[24],"deficits":[25],"gross":[27,108],"motor":[28,51,55,109],"function,":[29,110],"loss":[31],"proximal":[33],"distal":[35],"dexterous":[36,102],"control":[37,68],"for":[38],"which":[39],"effective":[40,123],"treatments":[41],"are":[42],"still":[43],"lacking.":[44],"Here":[45],"we":[46],"exploited":[47],"excitatory":[48],"connections":[49],"from":[50],"thalamus":[52],"to":[53,57,82,95,130],"primary":[54],"cortex":[56],"potentiate":[58],"surviving":[59],"descending":[60],"signals":[61],"restore":[63],"volitional":[64],"hand":[67,93,107],"three":[70],"monkeys":[71,89],"with":[72,90,127,139],"lesion,":[75],"using":[76],"deep":[77],"brain":[78],"stimulation.":[79],"Stimulation":[80,104,134],"targeted":[81],"thalamocortical":[83],"projections":[84],"facilitated":[85],"upper-limb":[86],"movements,":[87],"enabling":[88],"paralysis":[94],"perform":[96],"unconstrained":[97],"3D":[98],"reach":[99],"fine":[101],"tasks.":[103],"improved":[105],"strength,":[106],"digits":[112],"control.":[113],"Electrophysiology":[114],"suggested":[115],"effects":[117],"were":[118],"mediated":[119],"by":[120],"more":[122],"when":[124],"targeting":[125],"fibers":[126],"monosynaptic":[128],"connection":[129],"motoneurons.":[133],"was":[135],"delivered":[136],"continuous":[138],"FDA-clinically":[140],"approved":[141],"parameters":[142],"holding":[143],"realistic":[144],"promises":[145],"clinical":[147],"translation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
