{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225658730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","title":"Sensing the Tenuous Earth Ambient Plasma (TEAP) With Near Earth Radiation Detector (NERD) Networks: Regime Theory, Factorial Sensitivity Analysis, and Electrometer Front-End Limits","display_name":"Sensing the Tenuous Earth Ambient Plasma (TEAP) With Near Earth Radiation Detector (NERD) Networks: Regime Theory, Factorial Sensitivity Analysis, and Electrometer Front-End Limits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225658730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24078492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069924782","display_name":"Ahmed Hala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-2299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-2299"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hala, Ahmed M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaseous Electronics, LLC","Dr. Ahmed Hala & Associates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-2299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaseous Electronics, LLC","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ahmed Hala & Associates","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069924782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.35179999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.35179999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.1826000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.07360000163316727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-ionization","display_name":"cosmic ray ionization","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-ions","display_name":"small ions","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-charge","display_name":"aerosol charge","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-gradient","display_name":"potential gradient","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-design","display_name":"experimental design","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regime-theory","display_name":"regime theory","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detectability","display_name":"detectability","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard-ring","display_name":"guard ring","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection-bias","display_name":"data collection bias","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"air flow","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-modulation","display_name":"solar modulation","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-weather","display_name":"space weather","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54473852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1982706","display_name":"Electrometer","level":2,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24078492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24078493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24078492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24078492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204044579","https://openalex.org/W4385690764","https://openalex.org/W6974202486","https://openalex.org/W1622596927","https://openalex.org/W6941592896","https://openalex.org/W4387314837","https://openalex.org/W2043907058","https://openalex.org/W3153148812","https://openalex.org/W2784533895","https://openalex.org/W2972436640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"charged":[1,170],"component":[2],"of":[3,67,112,144,158,181,196,209],"Earth\u2019s":[4],"atmosphere":[5],"forms":[6],"one":[7],"medium":[8],"from":[9],"the":[10,13,17,33,82,132,153,159,210],"ionosphere":[11],"to":[12,81,86,90,104],"ground,":[14],"here":[15],"named":[16],"tenuous":[18],"Earth":[19,59],"ambient":[20],"plasma":[21],"(TEAP).":[22],"Above":[23],"about":[24],"80":[25],"km":[26],"TEAP":[27,52,136],"responds":[28,36],"collectively":[29],"by":[30,38,45,121,148,176],"oscillation;":[31],"nearer":[32],"ground":[34],"it":[35],"only":[37,120,202],"relaxation,":[39],"on":[40,71],"a":[41,54,96,101,185,194,220],"time":[42],"scale":[43],"set":[44],"its":[46,91],"conductivity.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"treats":[50],"near-surface":[51],"as":[53,108],"sensing":[55],"problem":[56],"for":[57],"Near":[58],"Radiation":[60],"Detector":[61],"(NERD)":[62],"networks,":[63],"ground-based":[64],"sensor":[65],"networks":[66],"compact":[68],"nodes":[69],"mounted":[70],"street-light":[72],"poles.":[73],"A":[74,134,206],"locality":[75],"rule":[76],"assigns":[77],"each":[78],"quantity":[79],"either":[80],"NERD":[83,149,211],"node":[84],"or":[85],"external":[87],"feeds":[88],"according":[89],"spatial":[92],"correlation":[93],"length,":[94],"and":[95,164,183,227,231],"detectability":[97],"result":[98],"shows":[99,151,218],"that":[100,152,169,184,219,228],"signal":[102],"common":[103],"all":[105],"sites,":[106],"such":[107],"space":[109],"weather":[110],"modulation":[111],"cosmic-ray":[113],"ionization,":[114],"can":[115,172],"be":[116,235],"recovered":[117],"over":[118,140,167,214],"land":[119,199],"averaging":[122],"many":[123],"independent":[124,198],"cells.":[125,205],"Two":[126],"full":[127],"factorial":[128],"design-of-experiments":[129],"studies":[130],"quantify":[131],"framework.":[133],"sea-level":[135],"ion-balance":[137],"model,":[138],"run":[139],"65":[141],"610":[142],"combinations":[143],"ten":[145],"drivers":[146],"read":[147],"channels,":[150],"aerosol":[154,171],"sink":[155],"explains":[156],"72%":[157],"variance":[160],"in":[161],"small-ion":[162],"concentration":[163],"potential":[165],"gradient":[166],"land,":[168],"outnumber":[173],"small":[174],"ions":[175],"more":[177],"than":[178],"three":[179,190],"orders":[180],"magnitude,":[182],"daily":[186],"solar":[187],"detection":[188],"at":[189],"standard":[191],"deviations":[192],"needs":[193],"median":[195],"166":[197],"cells":[200],"but":[201],"13":[203],"marine":[204],"circuit-level":[207],"study":[208],"electrometer":[212],"front-end":[213],"17":[215],"496":[216],"configurations":[217],"guard":[221],"ring":[222],"removes":[223],"every":[224],"saturating":[225],"configuration":[226],"collection":[229],"bias":[230],"air":[232],"flow":[233],"must":[234],"chosen":[236],"together.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
