{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225658477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","title":"Bridging embodiment and culture script: a Chinese perspective on contemporary metaphor theory and its empirical grounding","display_name":"Bridging embodiment and culture script: a Chinese perspective on contemporary metaphor theory and its empirical grounding","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225658477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109704505","display_name":"Xunian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0104-917X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0104-917X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xunian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","School of Foreign Studies, Zhaoqing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Studies, Zhaoqing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109704505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158","https://openalex.org/I186272606"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-metaphor-theory","display_name":"conceptual metaphor theory","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodiment","display_name":"embodiment","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-scripts","display_name":"cultural scripts","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-part-metaphors","display_name":"body-part metaphors","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-mismatch","display_name":"cultural mismatch","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-language","display_name":"Chinese language","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-grammar","display_name":"cultural grammar","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-concepts","display_name":"abstract concepts","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.9107000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.8131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776402256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2633818","display_name":"Conceptual metaphor","level":3,"score":0.6916999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16592111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6092032","display_name":"Problem of universals","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378247","display_name":"Cultural psychology","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207551092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508969","display_name":"Cognitive linguistics","level":3,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189645446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350865","display_name":"Mirroring","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39489675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1791882","display_name":"Culture theory","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171342078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4231865","display_name":"Conceptual blending","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1955290/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225658477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225658477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1016462310","https://openalex.org/W2991050124","https://openalex.org/W3046389670","https://openalex.org/W3184091562","https://openalex.org/W4255477909","https://openalex.org/W4399969464","https://openalex.org/W4401344981","https://openalex.org/W4403990573","https://openalex.org/W4405690712","https://openalex.org/W4407758322","https://openalex.org/W4415158715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7110889192","https://openalex.org/W7213528360","https://openalex.org/W2792255669","https://openalex.org/W7197226276","https://openalex.org/W2912835644","https://openalex.org/W2137839273","https://openalex.org/W2031171609","https://openalex.org/W6903884356","https://openalex.org/W4412315233","https://openalex.org/W7046277439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conceptual":[0,91],"Metaphor":[1,92],"Theory":[2,93],"(CMT)":[3],"(Lakoff":[4],"&":[5,350,1044],"Johnson,":[6],"1980)":[7],"has":[8,38,58,1161,2424],"reshaped":[9],"our":[10,30,610],"understanding":[11],"of":[12,24,140,149,163,430,446,492,515,538,597,607,623,784,807,933,992,998,1025,1168,1195,1203,1223,1324,1494,1557,1572,1585,1635,1666,1692,1716,1807,1927,1979,2023,2144,2355,2364,2389,2444,2484,2654,2701,2714,2740],"metaphor,":[13,1299],"elevating":[14],"it":[15,397,1131,1642,1819,2478],"from":[16,112,185,466,1029,1328,1379,1604,1781,2661],"a":[17,60,95,154,194,265,328,336,443,458,525,559,724,742,799,946,1083,1091,1201,1315,1383,1387,1552,1592,1598,1636,1651,1696,1742,1754,1810,1832,1859,1887,2233,2368,2440,2474,2624,2641,2676,2712],"rhetorical":[18],"ornament":[19],"to":[20,249,275,362,436,553,674,763,1382,1394,1536,1575,1606,1640,1728,1737,1740,1746,1803,1964,2001,2030,2217,2294,2706,2722],"an":[21,388,598,775,1071,1138,1307,1501,1932,1950,2488,2504,2523],"important":[22],"mechanism":[23,157],"human":[25,463,494,1615],"thought.":[26],"The":[27,899,1121,1437,1497,1625,1844,1875,1906,1945,2386,2610],"claim":[28],"that":[29,98,136,169,201,216,268,462,643,661,696,717,737,755,823,965,987,1003,1048,1110,1617,2100,2115,2207,2327,2343,2370,2395,2515,2549,2585,2718],"conceptual":[31,526,908,1005,2078,2366],"system":[32],"is":[33,66,219,253,442,572,646,835,1500,1534,1643,1656,1852,1915,1936,1949,2187,2314,2371,2393,2526],"grounded":[34,239,341,1041,1098,1940,2490,2599],"in":[35,193,240,372,416,575,798,842,896,1154,1164,1171,1205,1357,1368,1645,2061,2124,2179,2199,2219,2232,2447,2600,2696,2710],"embodied":[36,70,124,150,209,217,270,286,309,378,405,431,519,581,599,608,726,738,757,766,877,886,912,942,1012,1034,1067,1118,1145,1363,1397,1522,1526,1532,1562,1633,1667,1706,1910,1913,1928,1953,1980,2239,2244,2250,2396,2426,2457,2541,2572,2601,2631,2659,2681,2730],"experience":[37,496,565,592,645,739,779,1035,1119,2602],"generated":[39],"evidence":[40,111,423,964,1177,1264,1381,1765,2022,2438],"for":[41,76,108,277,307,320,338,391,569,747,892,1074,1094,1096,1141,1178,1190,1242,1292,1429,1520,1524,1662,1790,2113,2237,2242,2439,2507,2649,2678],"universal":[42,254],"tendencies,":[43],"such":[44,251,548,630,734,934,1026,1100,1186,1251,1296,1719,2070,2149,2174],"as":[45,130,327,412,549,631,708,820,914,930,1022,1082,1101,1187,1252,1297,1425,1427,1482,1491,1650,1720,1881,2071,2150,2167,2175,2197,2468,2473,2592,2597,2735,2737],"HAPPY":[46],"IS":[47,51,481],"UP":[48,482],"or":[49,114,508,533,745,971,1274,1360,1474,1488,1621,1689,1778,2012,2034,2064,2080,2135,2164,2181,2223,2470,2540,2633],"ANGER":[50],"HEAT.":[52],"However,":[53,1014,2725],"this":[54,86,284,355,540,718,815,922,1015,1127,1514,1970,2092,2317,2415,2434,2460,2580,2638,2741],"emphasis":[55],"on":[56,212,289,346,803,1011,1184,1465,1695,2629,2634],"embodiment":[57,171,189,640,902,1052,1848],"exposed":[59],"potential":[61],"theoretical":[62,356,947,1092,1134,1466],"tension:":[63],"if":[64],"metaphor":[65,184,278,417,438,478,976,1155,1272,2119,2423,2445,2482,2525,2655,2688],"primarily":[67,2628],"driven":[68],"by":[69,88,110,146,221,318,641,648,710,916,1116,1713,1976,2430,2510,2606,2620],"experience,":[71,609,967,1724],"how":[72,484,1033,1143,1276,1301,1352,1894,1921,2680],"do":[73,752,855,1349],"we":[74],"account":[75,276,1291,2443],"the":[77,137,147,159,202,247,296,305,308,315,358,404,425,447,470,477,490,513,536,556,579,605,620,624,662,729,761,782,848,885,931,996,999,1023,1049,1188,1221,1243,1268,1321,1362,1405,1456,1504,1541,1558,1569,1583,1588,1608,1632,1664,1687,1738,1782,1805,1827,1878,1895,1925,1977,1993,2008,2072,2098,2226,2296,2353,2362,2378,2390,2399,2422,2462,2481,2500,2546,2551,2571,2575,2582,2651,2673,2698,2726,2738],"cultural":[78,102,127,141,180,224,273,312,316,380,407,434,589,788,808,818,853,880,889,928,1020,1054,1080,1147,1277,1288,1365,1400,1448,1507,1546,1565,1579,1733,1791,1808,1829,1850,1956,2304,2344,2404,2465,2518,2547,2556,2577,2683,2702,2746],"specificities":[79],"observed":[80,2209],"across":[81,279,714,728,770,1345,1443,1578,2131,2246,2288,2558,2743],"languages?":[82],"K\u00f6vecses":[83],"(2020)":[84],"addressed":[85],"tension":[87],"introducing":[89],"Extended":[90],"(ECMT),":[94],"multilevel":[96],"view":[97,2099],"acknowledges":[99],"contextual":[100],"and":[101,118,126,134,178,223,244,281,301,303,375,379,406,427,433,453,472,531,590,616,619,634,680,692,699,772,789,810,830,866,870,888,903,958,978,1053,1059,1106,1136,1146,1152,1173,1193,1207,1212,1233,1259,1284,1331,1341,1364,1399,1418,1434,1447,1480,1486,1554,1564,1680,1725,1750,1766,1769,1795,1823,1849,1869,1911,1930,1955,2041,2086,2122,2129,2157,2171,2177,2195,2299,2323,2373,2603,2618,2644,2665,2682,2732,2745],"factors.":[103],"Yet":[104],"ECMT's":[105],"hypotheses":[106,1613],"call":[107],"support":[109,1241,1326],"psychological":[113,394,1385,1586],"psycholinguistic":[115,1076],"experiments":[116],"(Dong":[117],"Duan,":[119],"2020).":[120],"This":[121,601,636,1548,1982,2282],"paper":[122],"conceptualizes":[123],"grounding":[125,252,432,568,1398,1446,1533,1563,1634,1929,1954,2397,2632,2660,2731],"script":[128,1401,1449,1734,1957,2548],"match":[129,1450,1735],"experimentally":[131,988,2376,2489,2670],"operationalizable":[132],"dimensions":[133,381,408,487,1148,1366,2668],"proposes":[135,2640],"processing":[138,218,943,1273,1468,1495,1511,1542,1967,1990,2024,2400,2412,2446],"cost":[139,1516,1543,1972,2236,2401,2417],"mismatch":[142,1508,1515,1971,2210,2235,2255,2272,2416],"may":[143,237,542,722,780,910,1007,1111,1247,2055,2075,2116,2138,2252,2269,2346,2685],"be":[144,238,410,522,543,906,1037,1113,1150,1392,1441,1452,1470,1518,1576,1619,1648,1711,1801,1813,1900,1974,1985,2056,2095,2127,2139,2162,2193,2213,2230,2286,2419,2589,2707,2720],"moderated":[145,1975],"degree":[148,1639,1665,1739,1806,1926,1978],"grounding,":[151,2265],"thereby":[152,386],"specifying":[153,2711],"psychologically":[155,383,413,2645],"testable":[156,384,414,1384,1612,1882,2646,2671],"within":[158,1753,1826,2302],"broader":[160],"framework.Cross-linguistic":[161],"studies":[162,1167,1218],"body-part":[164,1104,1169,1209],"metaphors":[165,1105,1170,1210,1914,1961,1998,2028,2103,2137,2240,2245,2251,2268,2332,2408,2514,2586],"have":[166,723,1199,2568],"consistently":[167],"revealed":[168],"pure":[170,179],"accounts":[172,181],"capture":[173],"universals":[174],"but":[175,860,1245,1300,1347,1513,1854,1883,1969,2359,2414,2472,2530,2596,2709],"miss":[176],"variations;":[177],"risk":[182],"severing":[183],"biological":[186],"moorings.":[187],"Crucially,":[188],"does":[190,583,924,1017,1124,1884],"not":[191,584,753,856,925,1018,1112,1125,1350,1885,1916,2188,2350,2467,2588,2695],"operate":[192,1219],"vacuum.":[195],"Ren":[196,656,917,982],"et":[197,227,230,657,918,955,960,983],"al.":[198,658,919,956,961,984],"(2021)":[199,659,985],"showed":[200,986],"same":[203,580,2611],"bodily":[204,467,495,564,644,677,966,1688,1726,2259],"sensation":[205,679],"can":[206,403,421,521,593,740,792,905,974,994,1036,1149,1290,1391,1618,1923,1984,2018,2046,2285,2719],"yield":[207,2089],"opposite":[208],"effects":[210,713,2211],"depending":[211],"metaphorical":[213,546,681,720,749,785,826,897,990,1227,1338,1422,1637,1693,1743,2290,2552],"representation,":[214],"indicating":[215,1704],"modulated":[220,257],"cognitive":[222,628,669,821,1269,2106,2485],"factors":[225,791,1250,2684],"(Shahabifar":[226],"al.,":[228,231],"2024;Wang":[229],"2024).":[232,455],"Similarly,":[233,690],"while":[234,343,787,1567,2066],"abstract":[235,979],"concepts":[236],"concrete":[241,1860],"experiences":[242,520],"(Wei":[243],"Thierry,":[245],"2025),":[246],"extent":[248,762],"which":[250,571,764,794,825,1641,1741,2303,2448,2704],"versus":[255],"culturally":[256,321,340,893,937,1040,1062,1097,1102,1410,1747,1816,1833,1939,1959,1996,2101,2275,2329,2406,2528,2607,2662],"remains":[258,774,945,1070,1306,1591,1855,2705,2748],"debated.":[259],"Sun's":[260,364,873,1086,1369],"(2019)":[261,291,365,874,1087,1370],"Contemporary":[262,1196],"Metaphorology":[263],"provides":[264,304,566,1090,2261,2675],"dual-dimension":[266,366,1157,1311,1589,2379],"framework":[267,337,409,875,1089,1128,1158,1312,1372,1590,1609,2380,2392,2463,2501,2583,2653,2674],"integrates":[269,876],"cognition":[271,649,878,904,1055],"with":[272,469,502,683,879,882,1039,1414,1421,1477,1545,1678,1701,2026,2058,2097,2316,2403,2495,2574],"scripts":[274,313,435,809,819,854,890,929,939,1021,1064,1081,1278,1289,1851,2305,2345],"languages":[280,771,2744],"cultures.":[282],"Within":[283],"framework,":[285,367,1244],"cognition,":[287,300,516],"drawing":[288,1183],"Wang's":[290],"Embodied-Cognitive":[292],"Linguistics":[293,440,1192],"(ECL),":[294],"captures":[295,558],"relationship":[297,900,1050,1560],"between":[298,528,676,901,1051,1503,1561,1847,1908,1952,2729],"reality,":[299,493],"language":[302,731,1416,2169],"basis":[306,582,727,744,1093,2260,2506,2677],"dimension,":[310,1085],"whereas":[311,844,1831,2266],"provide":[314,741,963,1238,1551,1858,1886,2019,2048,2437,2503],"dimension":[317,816,887,1574],"accounting":[319,891,1095],"mediated":[322,647,894,2663],"interpretations.":[323],"Cultural":[324,813],"scripts,":[325,881,1566,2703],"understood":[326],"society's":[329],"implicit":[330],"\"cultural":[331],"grammar\"":[332],"(Wierzbicka,":[333],"1994),":[334],"offer":[335],"examining":[339,392,1142,2679],"interpretations":[342,2557],"reducing":[344],"reliance":[345],"ethnocentric":[347],"assumptions":[348],"(Goddard":[349],"Wierzbicka,":[351],"2007;Wierzbicka,":[352],"1994).":[353],"Against":[354],"background,":[357],"present":[359,1122,1419,2391],"article":[360,2639],"aims":[361],"clarify":[363,424,1893],"review":[368],"its":[369,377,393,1133,1144,1179],"empirical":[370,776,1139,1309,1325,2505,2699],"applications":[371],"body-metaphor":[373],"studies,":[374],"translate":[376],"into":[382,524,2669],"constructs,":[385,2672],"identifying":[387,1226],"experimental":[389,422,952,1389,1627,1861,1890,2310,2647,2723],"agenda":[390,1140,2648],"plausibility.":[395],"Specifically,":[396],"addresses":[398],"two":[399,730,1409,1505,1896],"questions:":[400],"RQ1:":[401],"How":[402,420],"operationalized":[411,1151,1649],"constructs":[415,1628],"comprehension?":[418],"RQ2:":[419],"respective":[426],"interactive":[428],"contributions":[429],"real-time":[437,1280],"comprehension?Embodied-Cognitive":[439],"(ECL)":[441],"systematic":[444],"development":[445],"experientialist":[448],"philosophy":[449],"underpinning":[450],"CMT":[451],"(Zhou":[452],"Luo,":[454],"ECL":[456,883],"posits":[457],"\"Reality-Cognition-Language\"":[459],"principle,":[460],"asserting":[461],"conceptualization":[464,1042],"originates":[465],"interactions":[468],"physical":[471,506,612,706,972],"social":[473,510],"world.":[474],"For":[475,832,1403,2520],"example,":[476,833,1404,1862,2521],"HIGH":[479],"STATUS":[480],"illustrates":[483,1032],"these":[485,517,1353,2190,2247,2667],"three":[486],"are":[488,759,768,1355,1629,1962,1999],"connected.At":[489],"level":[491,514,537,1222,1584,2354,2363],"often":[497],"associates":[498],"higher":[499,1702,1821],"spatial":[500,1108],"positions":[501],"greater":[503,1966,2059,2105,2271,2334,2411],"visual":[504],"access,":[505],"dominance,":[507],"elevated":[509],"position.":[511],"At":[512,535,1992],"recurring":[518],"abstracted":[523],"association":[527,541],"vertical":[529],"elevation":[530],"status":[532],"importance.":[534],"language,":[539],"expressed":[544,837],"through":[545,626,838,968,1455,1623,1763,1773],"forms":[547],"high-ranking":[550],"official,":[551],"rise":[552],"power.":[554],"Thus,":[555,852,1262],"principle":[557],"basic":[560],"trajectory":[561],"whereby":[562],"recurrent":[563],"experiential":[567,2264],"conceptualization,":[570],"subsequently":[573],"conventionalized":[574,797,2356],"linguistic":[576,587,591,790,1224,1435,2224,2297,2357],"expression.":[577],"Importantly,":[578],"determine":[585,1275,1804,1924],"every":[586],"realization;":[588],"conventionalize":[594],"different":[595,2289,2555],"extensions":[596],"association.":[600],"proposition":[602],"emphasizes":[603],"both":[604,697],"objectivity":[606],"shared":[611,725,769,938,1063,1117,1231,1748,2630],"structure,":[613],"neural":[614],"basis,":[615],"sensorimotor":[617,969,1646,1690],"capabilities,":[618],"subjective":[621],"operation":[622],"mind":[625],"higher-order":[627,1004],"processes":[629],"attention,":[632],"comparison,":[633],"inference.":[635],"dialectic":[637],"avoids":[638],"radical":[639],"recognizing":[642],"rather":[650,1461,1538,1596,2453],"than":[651,1462,1523,1539,1597,2241,2337,2454],"directly":[652,926],"mapped":[653,703],"onto":[654,705],"language.":[655,801],"found":[660,695,2326],"late":[663],"positive":[664,2068],"component":[665,2074],"(LPC),":[666],"indexing":[667],"latestage":[668],"resource":[670],"allocation,":[671],"was":[672],"sensitive":[673,2050],"congruency":[675],"weight":[678,993],"meaning,":[682],"congruent":[684,1817,2338],"pairings":[685,865],"eliciting":[686],"larger":[687,1519],"LPC":[688],"amplitudes.":[689],"Wei":[691],"Thierry":[693],"(2025)":[694,2325],"Chinese":[698,1058,1172,1191,1206],"English":[700,845,1060,1198,1208],"speakers":[701],"spontaneously":[702],"power":[704],"size,":[707],"indexed":[709],"comparable":[711,1415],"P3":[712],"languages,":[715,1346],"suggesting":[716,1002,1047],"particular":[719,765,863],"mapping":[721,1744,1789,1811,1835,2573],"groups.":[732],"While":[733],"findings":[735,1237,2340],"suggest":[736,2342],"common":[743],"constraint":[746],"certain":[748],"mappings,":[750,1232],"they":[751,1246,1302,1343,1348],"imply":[754],"all":[756],"mappings":[758,767,795,827,859,1694,1762,2598],"universal.Rather,":[760],"cultures":[773],"question.":[777],"Embodied":[778,1445],"constrain":[781,1279],"range":[783],"possibilities,":[786],"influence":[793,941,975,1010,1303,2349],"become":[796,828],"given":[800],"Drawing":[802],"Wierzbicka's":[804],"(2002)":[805],"theory":[806],"Sharifian's":[811],"(2011)":[812],"Linguistics,":[814],"views":[817],"filters":[822],"shape":[824,2687],"preferred":[829],"conventionalized.":[831],"jealousy":[834],"conventionally":[836],"\u5403\u918b":[839],"(eating":[840],"vinegar)":[841],"Chinese,":[843],"commonly":[846],"uses":[847],"green-eyed":[849],"monster":[850],"metaphor.":[851],"eliminate":[857],"alternative":[858],"selectively":[861],"privilege":[862],"source-target":[864],"their":[867,2258,2307,2348],"associated":[868,1544,2057,2402],"evaluative":[869],"affective":[871],"meanings.":[872],"providing":[884,1175],"variation":[895,2450],"mappings.":[898,1527],"bidirectional:":[907],"representations":[909,991,1006],"modulate":[911,995,1066],"processing,":[913,1068,1587],"suggested":[915],"(2021),":[920],"although":[921],"study":[923,1123,1406,2483],"establish":[927,1019,1267,2536],"source":[932,1024],"modulation.":[935,1027],"Whether":[936,1061],"systematically":[940,1065],"therefore":[944,1674,2394],"hypothesis":[948],"requiring":[949],"further":[950,1031,2047,2604],"cross-cultural":[951,1075,2616],"investigation.":[953],"Wang":[954],"(2024)":[957,962],"Shahabifar":[959],"priming":[970],"load,":[973],"comprehension":[977,1305,2011,2562],"conceptualization.":[980],"Conversely,":[981],"manipulated":[989,1901],"direction":[997],"weight-embodiment":[1000],"effect,":[1001],"exert":[1008,2306,2347],"top-down":[1009],"processing.":[1013,2689],"finding":[1016],"Evidence":[1028],"Arabic":[1030],"intertwined":[1038],"(Altakhaineh":[1043],"Zibin,":[1045],"2024),":[1046],"extends":[1056],"beyond":[1057],"however,":[1069,1216],"open":[1072,1308],"question":[1073],"research.":[1077],"By":[1078,2657],"incorporating":[1079],"fundamental":[1084],"dual-dimensional":[1088],"phenomena,":[1099],"laden":[1103],"verticalhierarchical":[1107],"terms,":[1109],"fully":[1114],"explained":[1115],"alone.":[1120],"propose":[1126],"anew;":[1129],"rather,":[1130],"introduces":[1132],"rationale":[1135],"develops":[1137],"tested":[1153,1986,2287],"processing.The":[1156],"outlined":[1159],"above":[1160,1460],"been":[1162],"explored":[1163],"corpus-based":[1165,2493],"comparative":[1166],"English,":[1174],"descriptive":[1176,1240,1380,1594],"applicability.":[1180],"Corpus-based":[1181],"comparisons":[1182,1798],"resources":[1185],"Center":[1189],"Corpus":[1194],"American":[1197],"identified":[1200],"pattern":[1202,2093],"distributions":[1204],"(Sun":[1211],"Cui,":[1213],"2021).":[1214],"Methodologically,":[1215,2477],"corpus":[1217,1260,1263,1329,1764],"at":[1220,1582,2352,2361],"products,":[1225],"expressions,":[1228,2595],"distributional":[1229],"patterns,":[1230],"language-specific":[1234],"extensions.":[1235],"Such":[1236,2202],"preliminary":[1239],"also":[1248,2360,2614],"reflect":[1249],"frequency,":[1253,1431,2152],"lexicalization,":[1254],"conventionality,":[1255,1433,2123,2221],"genre,":[1256],"lexical":[1257,1430,2151,2594],"availability,":[1258],"composition.":[1261],"alone":[1265],"cannot":[1266,2212],"mechanisms":[1270],"underlying":[1271],"comprehension.":[1281,1376,2120,2656],"As":[1282],"Goddard":[1283],"Wierzbicka":[1285],"(2007)":[1286],"note,":[1287],"\"rhetorical\"":[1293],"speech":[1294,1755,1784],"practices":[1295],"active":[1298],"online":[1304,1375,1989,2365],"question.The":[1310],"thus":[1313],"faces":[1314],"critical":[1316,1438,1498],"evidential":[1317],"gap.":[1318],"To":[1319,1377,1602],"date,":[1320],"vast":[1322],"majority":[1323],"derives":[1327],"analyses":[1330],"researcher":[1332],"intuitions.":[1333],"These":[1334,1708],"data":[1335],"reveal":[1336],"what":[1337],"patterns":[1339,1354,2358],"exist":[1340],"where":[1342,2007],"differ":[1344],"illuminate":[1351],"processed":[1356,2140],"real":[1358],"time":[1359,1479],"whether":[1361,1931,2566,2623],"proposed":[1367,1559,1845,1879,1897,2727],"dualdimension":[1371],"interact":[1373],"during":[1374],"move":[1378,1603],"account,":[1386],"prototype":[1388],"design":[1390,2110],"used":[1393,1802],"independently":[1395,1453,2117,2455],"manipulate":[1396],"match.":[1402],"could":[1407,1469,1684,1710,1758,1786,1799,2502,2534,2564,2613],"recruit":[1408],"distinct":[1411],"L1":[1412],"groups":[1413],"proficiency":[1417,2170],"them":[1420,1772],"expressions":[1423],"matched":[1424,2130,2163],"closely":[1426],"possible":[1428],"familiarity,":[1432,1792,2220],"complexity.":[1436],"materials":[1439],"would":[1440,1451,1550,1673,1812,1836,1899,2094,2204,2229,2381,2436,2479],"distributed":[1442],"conditions.":[1444],"validated":[1454],"norming":[1457,1677],"procedures":[1458],"described":[1459],"assigned":[1463],"solely":[1464],"grounds.Online":[1467],"assessed":[1471],"using":[1472,1987],"reading":[1473,2039],"lexical-decision":[1475],"paradigms,":[1476],"reaction":[1478,2004],"accuracy":[1481],"primary":[1483,2691],"dependent":[1484,1870],"measures":[1485,1490,1715,2017,2045,2088],"eye-tracking":[1487],"ERP":[1489,2087],"complementary":[1492],"indices":[1493],"dynamics.":[1496],"prediction":[1499,1948,1983,2284,2388],"interaction":[1502,1549,1846,1951,2228,2435,2728],"dimensions:":[1506],"should":[1509,1517,1973,2111,2126,2160,2168,2192,2409,2418,2587],"increase":[1510],"cost,":[1512],"less":[1521,1912,2243],"highly":[1525,1909,2238,2527],"In":[1528,2459,2579],"other":[1529],"words,":[1530],"strong":[1531],"predicted":[1535,2227],"attenuate,":[1537],"eliminate,":[1540],"incongruence.":[1547],"direct":[1553],"falsifiable":[1555],"test":[1556],"allowing":[1568,2292],"relative":[1570],"contribution":[1571],"each":[1573,1788],"examined":[1577],"groups.Without":[1580],"validation":[1581,1671],"post-hoc":[1593],"apparatus":[1595],"predictive":[1599],"explanatory":[1600],"theory.":[1601],"description":[1605,2494],"explanation,":[1607],"must":[1610],"generate":[1611],"about":[1614],"behavior":[1616],"falsified":[1620],"supported":[1622,2429],"experimentation.":[1624],"core":[1626],"straightforward.":[1630],"First,":[1631],"mapping-the":[1638],"anchored":[1644],"experience-can":[1647],"measurable,":[1652],"continuous":[1653],"variable.":[1654],"There":[1655],"no":[1657],"single":[1658],"universally":[1659],"accepted":[1660],"metric":[1661],"determining":[1663],"grounding.":[1668,1707,1981,2427],"A":[1669,2108,2560],"practical":[1670],"procedure":[1672,1935],"combine":[1675],"independent":[1676,1774,1867],"behavioral":[1679,1994],"semantic":[1681,1749,2062,2155],"measures.":[1682,1991,2248],"Participants":[1683],"first":[1685,1759,2535],"rate":[1686,1787],"relevance":[1691],"Likert":[1697],"scale":[1698],"(e.g.,":[1699],"1-7),":[1700],"ratings":[1703,1709,1825],"stronger":[1705,2425],"complemented":[1712],"established":[1714,1933],"related":[1717],"properties,":[1718],"concreteness,":[1721],"imageability,":[1722],"sensory":[1723],"relevance,":[1727],"assess":[1729,2565],"convergent":[1730],"validity.":[1731],"Second,":[1732],"refers":[1736],"conforms":[1745],"pragmatic":[1751],"expectations":[1752],"community.":[1756],"Researchers":[1757],"identify":[1760,2513,2622],"candidate":[1761],"expert":[1767],"analysis":[1768],"then":[1770,1800,2543],"validate":[1771],"participant":[1775,1864,2172],"norming.":[1776],"Native":[1777],"bilingual":[1779,2180],"participants":[1780],"relevant":[1783,2538,2576],"communities":[1785],"naturalness,":[1793],"appropriateness,":[1794],"expectedness.":[1796],"Cross-cultural":[1797],"congruence:":[1809],"considered":[1814],"more":[1815,2020,2042,2141,2214,2280,2441],"when":[1818,2274,2421,2522],"receives":[1820],"expectedness":[1822,1941],"appropriateness":[1824],"target":[1828],"group,":[1830],"incongruent":[1834,2102,2330,2407],"show":[1837,2031,2253,2270],"\u6279\u6ce8":[1838],"[A12]:":[1839],"-Pages":[1840],"6-7,":[1841,1872],"Section":[1842,1873,1904],"3:":[1843,1874,1905],"interesting":[1853],"general.":[1856],"Please":[1857,1892,1919],"including":[1863],"groups,":[1865],"materials,":[1866],"variables,":[1868,2148],"variables.-Pages":[1871],"manuscript":[1876],"describes":[1877],"predictions":[1880,2717],"sufficiently":[1888,1917],"detailed":[1889],"design.":[1891],"variables":[1898,2191],"independently.-Page":[1902],"6,":[1903],"distinction":[1907,2612,2742],"clear.":[1918],"explain":[1920],"researchers":[1922,2293],"measurement":[1934],"available.":[1937],"lower":[1938,2014],"despite":[1942],"remaining":[1943],"interpretable.":[1944],"framework's":[1946],"central":[1947,2475],"match:":[1958],"mismatched":[1960,1997,2027],"expected":[1963,2000,2029],"incur":[1965,2410],"costs,":[1968,2413],"multiple":[1988],"level,":[1995],"elicit":[2002],"longer":[2003,2032,2037],"times":[2005],"and,":[2006],"task":[2009,2563],"requires":[2010,2333],"interpretation,":[2013,2553],"accuracy.":[2015],"Eye-tracking":[2016],"fine-grained":[2021],"difficulty,":[2025],"firstfixation":[2033],"gaze":[2035],"durations,":[2036],"total":[2038],"times,":[2040],"frequent":[2043],"regressions.ERP":[2044],"temporally":[2049],"evidence:":[2051],"enhanced":[2052],"N400":[2053],"responses":[2054],"difficulty":[2060],"access":[2063],"integration,":[2065,2367],"later":[2067],"components":[2069],"LPC/P600-like":[2073],"index":[2076],"additional":[2077],"integration":[2079],"reanalysis":[2081],"demands.":[2082],"If":[2083,2375,2428],"behavioral,":[2084],"eye-tracking,":[2085],"converging":[2090],"results,":[2091],"consistent":[2096,2315],"require":[2104,2516],"effort.":[2107],"rigorous":[2109],"control":[2112,2336],"confounds":[2114],"affect":[2118],"Familiarity":[2121],"particular,":[2125],"normed":[2128],"conditions,":[2132],"because":[2133,2257],"familiar":[2134],"conventional":[2136],"efficiently":[2142],"regardless":[2143],"cultural-script":[2145,2733],"compatibility.":[2146],"Other":[2147],"stimulus":[2153],"length,":[2154],"relatedness,":[2156],"syntactic":[2158],"complexity,":[2159],"likewise":[2161],"statistically":[2165],"controlled,":[2166],"characteristics":[2173],"age":[2176],"education":[2178],"second-language":[2182,2508],"studies.":[2183],"Where":[2184],"exact":[2185],"matching":[2186],"feasible,":[2189],"pretested":[2194],"included":[2196],"covariates":[2198],"mixed-effects":[2200],"models.":[2201],"controls":[2203],"help":[2205],"ensure":[2206],"any":[2208,2537],"parsimoniously":[2215],"attributed":[2216],"differences":[2218],"proficiency,":[2222],"complexity.Critically,":[2225],"reflected":[2231],"smaller":[2234],"Highly":[2249],"reduced":[2254],"costs":[2256,2273],"relatively":[2262],"robust":[2263],"lowembodied":[2267],"specific":[2276,2529,2608],"interpretive":[2277],"knowledge":[2278],"becomes":[2279],"influential.":[2281],"interactional":[2283],"domains,":[2291],"delineate":[2295],"scope":[2298],"boundary":[2300],"conditions":[2301],"influence.":[2308],"Available":[2309],"evidence,":[2311],"though":[2312],"limited,":[2313],"outlook.":[2318],"Most":[2319],"directly,":[2320],"Chen,":[2321],"Lv,":[2322],"Chen":[2324],"interpreting":[2328],"L2":[2331,2524],"inhibitory":[2335],"ones.These":[2339],"collectively":[2341],"merely":[2351,2591],"process":[2369],"effortful":[2372],"resource-dependent.":[2374],"corroborated,":[2377],"make":[2382],"several":[2383],"significant":[2384],"contributions.":[2385],"novel":[2387],"moderates":[2398],"mismatch:":[2405],"attenuated":[2420],"future":[2431],"cross-linguistic":[2432],"experiments,":[2433],"integrated":[2442,2570],"cultural-linguistic":[2449],"operates":[2451],"within,":[2452],"of,":[2456],"constraints.":[2458],"sense,":[2461],"treats":[2464],"specificity":[2466],"noise":[2469],"exception":[2471],"explanatory.":[2476],"advance":[2480],"linguistics":[2486],"toward":[2487],"science,":[2491],"bridging":[2492],"deeper":[2496],"process-oriented":[2497],"explanation.":[2498],"Practically,":[2499],"pedagogy":[2509],"helping":[2511,2621],"teachers":[2512],"explicit":[2517],"instruction.":[2519],"weakly":[2531],"embodied,":[2532],"instruction":[2533],"literal":[2539],"association,":[2542],"explicitly":[2544],"introduce":[2545],"licenses":[2550],"receive":[2554],"languages.":[2559],"subsequent":[2561],"learners":[2567],"successfully":[2569],"knowledge.":[2578],"way,":[2581],"suggests":[2584],"taught":[2590],"isolated":[2593],"shaped":[2605],"scripts.":[2609],"inform":[2615],"communication":[2617],"translation":[2619],"metaphor's":[2625],"interpretation":[2626,2664],"depends":[2627],"culture-specific":[2635],"knowledge.In":[2636],"conclusion,":[2637],"theoretically":[2642,2715],"specified":[2643],"investigating":[2650],"two-dimensional":[2652],"distinguishing":[2658],"translating":[2666],"jointly":[2686],"Its":[2690],"contribution,":[2692],"therefore,":[2693],"lies":[2694],"establishing":[2697],"validity":[2700],"demonstrated,":[2708],"set":[2713],"motivated":[2716],"subjected":[2721],"testing.":[2724],"match,":[2734],"well":[2736],"generalizability":[2739],"contexts,":[2747],"empirically":[2749],"unresolved.":[2750]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}