{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225658114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","title":"Urbanization and incidence of hypospadias","display_name":"Urbanization and incidence of hypospadias","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225658114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-health/articles/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286327","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Health","issn_l":"2813-558X","issn":["2813-558X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-health/articles/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161240777","display_name":"Lucie Coulombel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucie Coulombel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161316807","display_name":"Laure Tisserand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laure Tisserand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098889404","display_name":"Audrey P\u00e9pin Boutin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audrey Boutin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161347199","display_name":"Pauline Mannalin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauline Mannalin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061806617","display_name":"Sarah Ayraud-Th\u00e9venot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4678-185X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4678-185X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111187","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/029s6hd13","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Ayraud-Thevenot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046110157","display_name":"Guillaume Cambien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-5778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-5778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111187","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/029s6hd13","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume Cambien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041712332","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Guihenneuc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-8733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-8733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111187","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/029s6hd13","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my Guihenneuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063576269","display_name":"Sandrine Lefeuvre","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111187","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/029s6hd13","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandrine Lefeuvre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077227470","display_name":"Agate Bourg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-4713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-4713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111187","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/029s6hd13","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Agate Bourg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082539625","display_name":"Aur\u00e9lien Binet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-0583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-0583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32881790","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/04xhy8q59","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32881790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111187","display_name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers","ror":"https://ror.org/029s6hd13","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aur\u00e9lien Binet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Pediatric Surgery-Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite de Poitiers UFR Medecine et Pharmacie CNRS, EBI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077227470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I32881790","https://openalex.org/I4210111187"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10686","display_name":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12716","display_name":"Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypospadias","display_name":"hypospadias","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congenital-malformations","display_name":"congenital malformations","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrine-disruptors","display_name":"endocrine disruptors","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-exposure","display_name":"prenatal exposure","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypospadias-severity","display_name":"hypospadias severity","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanitis","display_name":"balanitis","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-hypospadias","display_name":"penile hypospadias","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrotal-hypospadias","display_name":"scrotal hypospadias","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-contaminants","display_name":"environmental pollutants","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticides","display_name":"pesticides","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poitou-charentes","display_name":"Poitou-Charentes","score":0.9350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777990738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132108","display_name":"Hypospadias","level":2,"score":0.9664000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.762499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5536999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780862370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138899","display_name":"Endocrine disruptor","level":4,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126965237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816335","display_name":"Accidental","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-health/articles/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286327","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Health","issn_l":"2813-558X","issn":["2813-558X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-health/articles/10.3389/fenvh.2026.1712926/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387286327","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Health","issn_l":"2813-558X","issn":["2813-558X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225658114.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225658114.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649463998","https://openalex.org/W1543820084","https://openalex.org/W2012547936","https://openalex.org/W2019690641","https://openalex.org/W2071675304","https://openalex.org/W2072344204","https://openalex.org/W2099238697","https://openalex.org/W2132665677","https://openalex.org/W2148619299","https://openalex.org/W2165700542","https://openalex.org/W2213369272","https://openalex.org/W2339390159","https://openalex.org/W2390267660","https://openalex.org/W2475267657","https://openalex.org/W2535762306","https://openalex.org/W2553727184","https://openalex.org/W2587364683","https://openalex.org/W2622648172","https://openalex.org/W2885096635","https://openalex.org/W2899073290","https://openalex.org/W2900135388","https://openalex.org/W2909957092","https://openalex.org/W2934545092","https://openalex.org/W2967810167","https://openalex.org/W2985810567","https://openalex.org/W3037876866","https://openalex.org/W3082366333","https://openalex.org/W3087008406","https://openalex.org/W3142461549","https://openalex.org/W3189411411","https://openalex.org/W3193741345","https://openalex.org/W4220715474","https://openalex.org/W4318595805","https://openalex.org/W4401058753","https://openalex.org/W4409783545","https://openalex.org/W4413830550","https://openalex.org/W4414416144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2814414685","https://openalex.org/W4404209314","https://openalex.org/W3087008406","https://openalex.org/W2913128320","https://openalex.org/W2004835696","https://openalex.org/W2045693132","https://openalex.org/W970349253","https://openalex.org/W1972637657","https://openalex.org/W1543820084","https://openalex.org/W2033677826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Hypospadias":[1,88],"is":[2,191],"one":[3],"of":[4,42,119],"the":[5,32,38,45,109,195],"most":[6],"common":[7],"congenital":[8],"malformations":[9],"in":[10,44,124,143,155,164],"boys,":[11],"with":[12],"rising":[13],"incidence":[14,39,118,166],"worldwide.":[15],"Environmental":[16],"factors,":[17],"including":[18],"endocrine":[19,204],"disruptors,":[20],"are":[21],"suspected":[22],"to":[23,30,99,128,179],"play":[24],"a":[25],"role.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28,57],"aimed":[29],"assess":[31],"association":[33],"between":[34,49,169],"urbanization":[35],"level":[36],"and":[37,40,51,65,103,140,150,167,171,185],"severity":[41,89,168],"hypospadias":[43,120,165],"Poitou-Charentes":[46],"region":[47],"(France)":[48],"2018":[50],"2021.":[52],"Methods":[53],"A":[54],"retrospective":[55],"monocentric":[56],"was":[58,78,90,96,121],"conducted":[59],"at":[60],"Poitiers":[61],"University":[62],"Hospital.":[63],"Demographic":[64],"clinical":[66],"data":[67],"from":[68],"117":[69],"patients":[70],"included":[71],"were":[72,106,152],"collected.":[73],"Maternal":[74],"residence":[75],"during":[76,207],"pregnancy":[77],"categorized":[79],"as":[80,183],"urban":[81,129,156,172],"or":[82],"rural":[83,125,144,170],"based":[84],"on":[85],"INSEE":[86],"classifications.":[87],"classified":[91],"into":[92],"four":[93],"groups.":[94],"Incidence":[95],"calculated":[97],"according":[98],"municipality":[100],"birth":[101],"data,":[102],"group":[104],"comparisons":[105],"performed":[107],"using":[108],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[110],"test":[111],"(":[112],"p":[113,134],"<":[114,135],"0.05).":[115],"Results":[116],"The":[117],"significantly":[122],"higher":[123],"areas":[126,130],"compared":[127],"(0.0020":[131],"vs.":[132],"0.0018;":[133],"0.001).":[136],"Minor":[137],"forms":[138,148],"(balanitis":[139],"balanopreputial)":[141],"predominated":[142],"areas,":[145,173],"whereas":[146],"severe":[147],"(penile":[149],"scrotal)":[151],"more":[153],"frequent":[154],"settings.":[157],"Conclusion":[158],"Our":[159],"findings":[160],"suggest":[161],"potential":[162],"differences":[163],"which":[174],"may":[175],"reflect":[176],"differential":[177],"exposure":[178,206],"environmental":[180],"pollutants":[181],"such":[182],"pesticides":[184],"industrial":[186],"compounds.":[187],"While":[188],"causal":[189],"inference":[190],"not":[192],"possible":[193],"given":[194],"observational":[196],"design,":[197],"these":[198],"results":[199],"support":[200],"increased":[201],"vigilance":[202],"regarding":[203],"disruptor":[205],"pregnancy.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}