{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225656964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","title":"Effects of Ergonomics Training Plus Structured Exercise Versus Ergonomics Training Alone on Musculoskeletal Pain, Disability, and Burnout in Schoolteachers: A Randomized Controlled Trial","display_name":"Effects of Ergonomics Training Plus Structured Exercise Versus Ergonomics Training Alone on Musculoskeletal Pain, Disability, and Burnout in Schoolteachers: A Randomized Controlled Trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225656964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158517576","display_name":"Muharem Akar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1087-9788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1087-9788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281256770","display_name":"\u00dcsk\u00fcdar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dzjmc73","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muharem Akar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, 34662 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1087-9788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, 34662 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007553537","display_name":"Burak Bu\u011fday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-291X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-291X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20126385","display_name":"Inonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04asck240","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burak Bu\u011fday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, 44280 Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-291X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, 44280 Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20126385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082171217","display_name":"Suzan Ayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-9425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-9425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091267","display_name":"\u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0188hvh39","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzan Ayd\u0131n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University, 34310 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-9425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University, 34310 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091929999","display_name":"\u00d6mer \u015eevgin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-5939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-5939"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281256770","display_name":"\u00dcsk\u00fcdar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dzjmc73","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6mer \u015eevgin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, 34662 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-5939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar University, 34662 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091929999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281256770"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"3813","last_page":"3813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.41280001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12869","display_name":"Occupational Health and Burnout","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergonomics-training","display_name":"ergonomic training","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-exercise","display_name":"structured exercise","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-pain","display_name":"musculoskeletal pain","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-teachers","display_name":"school teachers","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-health","display_name":"occupational health","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-pain","display_name":"neck pain","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoulder-pain","display_name":"shoulder pain","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-stabilization","display_name":"core stabilization","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephone-delivered-intervention","display_name":"telephone-delivered intervention","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.7746999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.7408000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6219000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781038967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3567802","display_name":"Neck pain","level":3,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777414892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116663","display_name":"Musculoskeletal disorder","level":4,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780610925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6940405","display_name":"Musculoskeletal injury","level":3,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993471631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116663","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778834376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7696504","display_name":"Telephone interview","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775998654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11751687","display_name":"Oswestry Disability Index","level":4,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994008430","https://openalex.org/W2008359299","https://openalex.org/W2015986868","https://openalex.org/W2049711712","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2232014423","https://openalex.org/W2752988394","https://openalex.org/W3120975892","https://openalex.org/W4232001119","https://openalex.org/W4311211758","https://openalex.org/W4311746317","https://openalex.org/W4381053292","https://openalex.org/W4386533661","https://openalex.org/W4387571770","https://openalex.org/W4388735425","https://openalex.org/W4388901135","https://openalex.org/W4388929057","https://openalex.org/W4392916214","https://openalex.org/W4396575626","https://openalex.org/W4396672639","https://openalex.org/W4396907383","https://openalex.org/W4398178144","https://openalex.org/W4399823595","https://openalex.org/W4402643905","https://openalex.org/W4403144070","https://openalex.org/W4403560518","https://openalex.org/W4409483458","https://openalex.org/W4409888244","https://openalex.org/W4410905424","https://openalex.org/W4415234473","https://openalex.org/W4415605441","https://openalex.org/W4416306715","https://openalex.org/W4416740899","https://openalex.org/W7125924393","https://openalex.org/W7152091812","https://openalex.org/W7163202601","https://openalex.org/W7170076700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7170076700","https://openalex.org/W4416306715","https://openalex.org/W7211906622","https://openalex.org/W7214293415","https://openalex.org/W7216769171","https://openalex.org/W7203557705","https://openalex.org/W7221562508","https://openalex.org/W2734598357","https://openalex.org/W2139494011","https://openalex.org/W7132831907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Musculoskeletal":[1,95],"disorders":[2],"are":[3],"common":[4],"among":[5],"teachers,":[6],"but":[7,182],"randomized":[8,47],"evidence":[9],"on":[10],"adding":[11],"exercise":[12,25,125,198,221],"to":[13,135,140,146,161,201,223],"ergonomics":[14,21,27,53,123,224],"training":[15,22,28,225],"is":[16],"scarce.":[17],"This":[18],"trial":[19],"compared":[20],"plus":[23,124],"structured":[24,220],"with":[26,33,197,214],"alone.":[29],"Methods:":[30],"Eighty":[31],"teachers":[32],"musculoskeletal":[34],"pain":[35,97],"lasting":[36],"at":[37,107],"least":[38,164],"three":[39],"months":[40],"were":[41,79,236,241],"stratified":[42],"by":[43],"school":[44],"level":[45],"and":[46,55,73,93,109,149,156,176,232,239,243],"1:1.":[48],"Both":[49],"groups":[50],"attended":[51],"four":[52],"sessions":[54],"received":[56],"weekly":[57],"telephone":[58],"calls;":[59],"the":[60,80,116,209],"ergonomics-plus-exercise":[61],"group":[62],"also":[63],"performed":[64],"a":[65,219],"12-week,":[66],"largely":[67],"self-directed":[68],"program":[69,222],"of":[70,172,191],"stretching,":[71],"strengthening,":[72],"core":[74],"stabilization.":[75],"Registered":[76],"primary":[77],"outcomes":[78,106,238],"Oswestry":[81],"Disability":[82,86],"Index":[83,87],"(ODI),":[84],"Neck":[85],"(NDI),":[88],"Maslach":[89],"Burnout":[90],"Inventory\u2013Educators":[91],"Survey,":[92],"Nordic":[94],"Questionnaire;":[96],"intensity":[98],"(VAS)":[99],"was":[100],"secondary.":[101],"A":[102],"blinded":[103],"assessor":[104],"collected":[105],"baseline":[108,215],"week":[110],"12.":[111],"Results:":[112],"All":[113],"participants":[114,173,244],"completed":[115],"trial.":[117],"Group":[118],"\u00d7":[119],"time":[120],"interactions":[121],"favored":[122],"for":[126,157,174,180,187],"ODI":[127,175],"(difference":[128],"in":[129,168,183,203,230],"change":[130],"\u22126.80;":[131],"95%":[132,184],"CI":[133],"\u22129.22":[134],"\u22124.38),":[136],"NDI":[137],"(\u22124.90;":[138],"\u22127.53":[139],"\u22122.27),":[141],"emotional":[142],"exhaustion":[143],"(\u22122.63;":[144],"\u22123.89":[145],"\u22121.36),":[147],"depersonalization,":[148],"personal":[150],"accomplishment":[151],"(Holm-adjusted":[152],"p":[153],"\u2264":[154],"0.013),":[155],"VAS":[158],"(\u22121.18;":[159],"\u22121.48":[160],"\u22120.87).":[162],"At":[163],"30%":[165],"improvement":[166],"occurred":[167],"80%":[169],"versus":[170,178,185],"10%":[171],"90%":[177],"38%":[179],"NDI,":[181],"93%":[186],"VAS.":[188],"The":[189],"number":[190],"symptomatic":[192],"body":[193],"regions":[194],"decreased":[195],"more":[196],"(\u22120.67;":[199],"\u22121.15":[200],"\u22120.20);":[202],"unadjusted":[204],"exploratory":[205],"region-specific":[206],"analyses,":[207],"only":[208],"shoulder":[210],"reached":[211],"nominal":[212],"significance,":[213],"imbalance.":[216],"Conclusions:":[217],"Adding":[218],"gave":[226],"additional":[227],"short-term":[228],"improvements":[229],"disability":[231],"burnout.":[233],"Mean":[234],"differences":[235],"modest,":[237],"adherence":[240],"self-reported,":[242],"knew":[245],"their":[246],"allocation.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}