{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225655376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","title":"Systems approaches to physical activity promotion in public policy and practice: a scoping review","display_name":"Systems approaches to physical activity promotion in public policy and practice: a scoping review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225655376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161351532","display_name":"Ander Agirre","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ander Agirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040620061","display_name":"I\u00f1aki Echeverria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-4494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-4494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I\u00f1aki Echeverria","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKTIBOki, Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKTIBOki, Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088219832","display_name":"Est\u00edbaliz Romaratezabala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-837X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-837X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estibaliz Romaratezabala","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKTIBOki, Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKTIBOki, Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161357699","display_name":"Luis Mari Zulaika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Mari Zulaika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081241976","display_name":"Enrique Garc\u00ed\u00e1 Bengoechea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-8047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-8047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Garc\u00eda Bengoechea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161309037","display_name":"I\u00f1aki Llodio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I\u00f1aki Llodio","raw_affiliation_strings":["AKTIBOki, Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AKTIBOki, Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport, Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161309037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.8438000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.8438000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.07919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-activity-promotion","display_name":"physical activity promotion","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-approach","display_name":"systems approach","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-activity-policy","display_name":"physical activity policy","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-practice-relationship","display_name":"policy-practice relationship","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectoral-collaboration","display_name":"intersectoral collaboration","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-mapping","display_name":"systems mapping","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"social network analysis","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-implementation","display_name":"intervention implementation","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-networks","display_name":"stakeholder networks","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.7002999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.489300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72497813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110051588","display_name":"Implementation research","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179133015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639378","display_name":"Social system","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993267355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Public health policy","level":4,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018944089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems research","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19159745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395","display_name":"Social policy","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29944-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297989477","https://openalex.org/W4402869271","https://openalex.org/W7203822109","https://openalex.org/W2972176922","https://openalex.org/W4410233279","https://openalex.org/W4322768730","https://openalex.org/W6886061513","https://openalex.org/W7070851701","https://openalex.org/W4415404323","https://openalex.org/W6945709585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"physical":[1,33,63,198],"activity":[2,34,64,199],"offers":[3],"health":[4],"benefits":[5],"for":[6,220],"the":[7,14,49,57,101,126,167,208],"population,":[8],"many":[9],"individuals":[10],"do":[11],"not":[12,201],"meet":[13],"recommended":[15],"guidelines.":[16,75],"The":[17,39,97,121],"coordinated":[18],"and":[19,25,60,66,86,93,114,118,147,160,180,229],"integrated":[20],"implementation":[21,149],"of":[22,41,62,84,110,166,192,210,223,233],"policies,":[23],"programs,":[24],"actions":[26],"promoted":[27],"by":[28],"public":[29],"institutions":[30],"to":[31,46,55,175],"encourage":[32],"represents":[35],"a":[36,188],"promising":[37],"approach.":[38,169],"aim":[40],"this":[42],"scoping":[43,69],"review":[44,70],"was":[45,52,71,173],"examine":[47,176],"how":[48],"systems":[50,102,168],"approach":[51],"being":[53],"applied":[54,174],"support":[56],"development,":[58],"implementation,":[59],"evaluation":[61],"policies":[65],"interventions.":[67],"A":[68],"conducted":[72,156],"following":[73],"PRISMA-ScR":[74],"Four":[76],"electronic":[77],"databases":[78],"were":[79,95,130],"searched:":[80],"SportDiscus,":[81],"PubMed,":[82],"Web":[83],"Science,":[85],"Scopus.":[87],"Eleven":[88],"articles":[89,129],"published":[90],"between":[91],"2020":[92],"2025":[94],"identified.":[96],"analysis":[98,142,172],"focused":[99],"on":[100],"research":[103],"methods":[104,186],"applied,":[105],"their":[106],"objectives,":[107],"stages,":[108],"scale":[109],"actors":[111,179],"studied,":[112],"stakeholders":[113],"sectors,":[115],"identified":[116],"challenges,":[117],"key":[119],"findings.":[120],"main":[122],"methodologies":[123],"used":[124],"in":[125],"11":[127],"analysed":[128],"grouped":[131],"into":[132],"three":[133],"categories:":[134],"system":[135],"mapping":[136],"(":[137,143,151],"n":[138,144,152],"=":[139,145,153],"6),":[140],"network":[141,171],"1),":[146],"mixed-methods":[148],"approaches":[150,217],"4).":[154],"Studies":[155,183],"at":[157],"both":[158],"local":[159],"national":[161],"levels":[162],"showed":[163],"diverse":[164],"applications":[165],"Social":[170],"relationships":[177],"among":[178,213],"leadership":[181],"structures.":[182],"using":[184],"combined":[185],"provided":[187],"flexible,":[189],"context-adapted":[190],"view":[191],"systemic":[193,211],"processes.":[194],"Research":[195],"shows":[196],"that":[197],"is":[200],"an":[202],"isolated":[203],"individual":[204],"decision,":[205],"but":[206],"rather":[207],"outcome":[209],"interactions":[212],"multiple":[214],"factors.":[215],"Systems":[216],"appear":[218],"useful":[219],"improving":[221],"understanding":[222],"policy\u2013practice":[224],"relationships,":[225],"supporting":[226],"multisectoral":[227],"collaboration,":[228],"developing":[230],"shared":[231],"representations":[232],"complex":[234],"PA":[235],"systems.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}