{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225655331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","title":"Targeted somatosensory stimulation modulates facial nucleus glial responses and promotes functional recovery after facial nerve axotomy in rats","display_name":"Targeted somatosensory stimulation modulates facial nucleus glial responses and promotes functional recovery after facial nerve axotomy in rats","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225655331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-80244-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-80244-3_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381275","display_name":"Jae Min Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-5101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-5101","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102791162","display_name":"Hye-Min Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9073-5833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9073-5833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hye-Min Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101926767","display_name":"Seung Geun Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-1024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-1024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Geun Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161348437","display_name":"Youn-Jung Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youn-Jung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026999712","display_name":"Myung Chul Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-9612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-9612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Myung Chul Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026999712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779683492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792615","display_name":"Axotomy","level":3,"score":0.8583999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7111999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778987478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242160","display_name":"Facial nerve","level":2,"score":0.6801000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780905192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2341604","display_name":"Facial muscles","level":2,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328835","display_name":"Somatosensory system","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775991916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945973","display_name":"Nerve injury","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70471684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829331","display_name":"Antidromic","level":3,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151626666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156844","display_name":"Compound muscle action potential","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776880756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945973","display_name":"Peripheral nerve injury","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776752467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133903","display_name":"Motor neuron","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161941745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1572478","display_name":"Somatosensory evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46762472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178648","display_name":"Peripheral","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776425165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3508182","display_name":"Synkinesis","level":4,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775912687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2422765","display_name":"Motor nerve","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777107032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4388656","display_name":"Crush injury","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80782408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358206","display_name":"Electroneuronography","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-80244-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-80244-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-80244-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225655331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225655331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1171331324","https://openalex.org/W1522035040","https://openalex.org/W1973639294","https://openalex.org/W2019751021","https://openalex.org/W2043857122","https://openalex.org/W2065356582","https://openalex.org/W2068953247","https://openalex.org/W2085766397","https://openalex.org/W2091296863","https://openalex.org/W2108480438","https://openalex.org/W2115737241","https://openalex.org/W2116356198","https://openalex.org/W2116889462","https://openalex.org/W2118156146","https://openalex.org/W2161663554","https://openalex.org/W2342679639","https://openalex.org/W2396814975","https://openalex.org/W2463033319","https://openalex.org/W2763348148","https://openalex.org/W2905952738","https://openalex.org/W3144067125","https://openalex.org/W3183975923","https://openalex.org/W3208946328","https://openalex.org/W4210997895","https://openalex.org/W4282542051","https://openalex.org/W4368365063","https://openalex.org/W4385758906","https://openalex.org/W4396889866","https://openalex.org/W4399321700","https://openalex.org/W4403764635","https://openalex.org/W4405691500","https://openalex.org/W4406277480","https://openalex.org/W4406465280","https://openalex.org/W4407830423","https://openalex.org/W4410351872","https://openalex.org/W7119011294"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Peripheral":[1],"facial":[2,16,33,116],"nerve":[3,9,34],"injury":[4],"is":[5],"accompanied":[6],"by":[7],"distal":[8],"degeneration":[10],"and":[11,90,98,132,138,140,147,151,188],"glial":[12],"responses":[13],"in":[14,36,184],"the":[15,166],"motor":[17,117,154],"nucleus.":[18],"This":[19],"pilot":[20],"preclinical":[21],"study":[22],"compared":[23],"manual":[24,48,110],"whisker-pad":[25],"stimulation":[26,54,111],"with":[27,61,114,163],"mechanical":[28,53,164],"vibrissal":[29],"brushing":[30],"after":[31],"unilateral":[32],"axotomy":[35],"rats.":[37],"Twenty-four":[38],"rats":[39],"were":[40,84],"randomly":[41],"assigned":[42],"to":[43,107],"Sham,":[44],"Axotomy,":[45],"Axotomy":[46,51],"plus":[47,52],"stimulation,":[49,165],"or":[50],"groups":[55],"(":[56],"n":[57],"=":[58],"6":[59],"each),":[60],"three":[62,71,94],"intact":[63],"controls":[64],"for":[65,74],"Western":[66],"blot.":[67],"Stimulation":[68],"was":[69,79,112],"administered":[70],"times":[72],"weekly":[73],"seven":[75],"weeks.":[76,88],"Functional":[77],"recovery":[78],"assessed":[80],"longitudinally;":[81],"other":[82,175],"outcomes":[83,159],"evaluated":[85],"at":[86],"eight":[87],"Morphological":[89],"molecular":[91],"analyses":[92,100],"included":[93,101],"animals":[95,103],"per":[96,104],"group,":[97],"immunofluorescence":[99],"six":[102],"group.":[105],"Relative":[106],"untreated":[108],"axotomy,":[109],"associated":[113],"improved":[115],"scores,":[118],"higher":[119,141,152],"compound":[120],"muscle":[121],"action":[122],"potential":[123],"amplitude,":[124],"lower":[125,135,145],"electrophysiological":[126],"degeneration,":[127],"greater":[128],"myelinated":[129],"axon":[130],"counts":[131],"myelin":[133],"thickness,":[134],"c-Jun,":[136],"SMAD2":[137],"TLR2":[139],"phosphorylated":[142],"AKT":[143],"levels,":[144],"Iba-1":[146],"GFAP":[148],"relative":[149],"intensities,":[150],"ChAT-positive":[153],"neuron":[155],"counts.":[156],"Although":[157],"fewer":[158],"reached":[160],"statistical":[161],"significance":[162],"two":[167],"modalities":[168],"did":[169],"not":[170],"differ":[171],"significantly":[172],"from":[173],"each":[174],"on":[176],"any":[177],"measure.":[178],"These":[179],"exploratory":[180],"findings":[181],"require":[182],"confirmation":[183],"adequately":[185],"powered":[186],"studies":[187],"establish":[189],"neither":[190],"modality":[191],"superiority":[192],"nor":[193],"causality.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T13:44:29.811591","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}