{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225654352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","title":"A preliminary investigation of adhesive discontinuity detection in glulam beams through stress wave time-of-flight (ToF) measurement","display_name":"A preliminary investigation of adhesive discontinuity detection in glulam beams through stress wave time-of-flight (ToF) measurement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225654352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55717591","display_name":"Nondestructive Testing And Evaluation","issn_l":"1058-9759","issn":["1058-9759","1477-2671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161339128","display_name":"Manal Bouchlouch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Bouchlouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mississippi State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mississippi State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106283406","display_name":"Dalila Belaidi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalila Belaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mississippi State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mississippi State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036870422","display_name":"Mostafa Mohammadabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-4957","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-4957"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Mohammadabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mississippi State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mississippi State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045802964","display_name":"Rubin Shmulsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubin Shmulsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mississippi State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mississippi State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161322348","display_name":"Xiping Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126421","display_name":"Forest Products Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/031sp1p50","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210126421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Products Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Products Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036870422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.03480000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12940","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glued-laminated-timber","display_name":"glued laminated timber","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delamination","display_name":"delamination","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyurethane-adhesive","display_name":"polyurethane adhesive","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-yellow-pine","display_name":"southern pine","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinus-taeda","display_name":"Pinus taeda","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-destructive-testing","display_name":"non-destructive testing","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-sensitivity","display_name":"directional sensitivity","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wooden-beams","display_name":"timber beams","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.8551999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779937294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5513666","display_name":"GLUE","level":2,"score":0.7791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7601000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68928338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131790","display_name":"Adhesive","level":3,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7366999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.682200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993434580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14097093","display_name":"Stress wave","level":2,"score":0.6146000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2026.2760548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55717591","display_name":"Nondestructive Testing And Evaluation","issn_l":"1058-9759","issn":["1058-9759","1477-2671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309637","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62969296","https://openalex.org/W139942287","https://openalex.org/W1965735546","https://openalex.org/W2003879653","https://openalex.org/W2067043862","https://openalex.org/W2108054964","https://openalex.org/W2312441383","https://openalex.org/W2731219423","https://openalex.org/W2761648152","https://openalex.org/W2762192993","https://openalex.org/W2890654574","https://openalex.org/W2969387865","https://openalex.org/W3115250391","https://openalex.org/W3184600869","https://openalex.org/W3215044585","https://openalex.org/W4255313990","https://openalex.org/W4303613643","https://openalex.org/W4381984280","https://openalex.org/W4387019718","https://openalex.org/W4395001953","https://openalex.org/W4401324608","https://openalex.org/W4404181866","https://openalex.org/W4405747150","https://openalex.org/W4407630009","https://openalex.org/W4411194364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108490144","https://openalex.org/W2376254041","https://openalex.org/W1965735546","https://openalex.org/W2189249906","https://openalex.org/W7058593665","https://openalex.org/W2537248205","https://openalex.org/W2312441383","https://openalex.org/W7212271613","https://openalex.org/W2468788262","https://openalex.org/W1991306440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,6,42,88,92,142,147,150,153,160,170,174],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,152,173,183],"stress":[7,24],"wave":[8,25,124],"non-destructive":[9],"testing":[10],"(NDT)":[11],"method":[12,176],"in":[13,17,29,41,97,129,159,177],"detecting":[14,178],"adhesive":[15,66,155],"discontinuities":[16,67,181],"glue-laminated":[18],"timber":[19],"(glulam).":[20],"The":[21,46],"research":[22],"measured":[23],"time-of-flight":[26],"(ToF)":[27],"responses":[28],"southern":[30],"yellow":[31],"pine":[32,36],"(SYP)":[33],"lumber,":[34],"loblolly":[35],"(Pinus":[37],"taeda":[38],"L.)":[39],"and":[40,75,83,90,103,117,134,149,185],"corresponding":[43],"glulam":[44,47],"beams.":[45],"specimens":[48],"were":[49,68,95,127,163],"assembled":[50],"from":[51],"nominal":[52],"2":[53,82],"\u00d7":[54],"4":[55],"lumber":[56],"bonded":[57],"with":[58,79,165],"one-component":[59],"polyurethane":[60],"(PUR)":[61],"adhesive.":[62],"To":[63],"simulate":[64],"delamination,":[65],"intentionally":[69],"introduced":[70,154],"at":[71],"selected":[72],"glue":[73,143,179],"lines":[74,144],"locations,":[76],"producing":[77],"beams":[78],"0,":[80],"1,":[81],"3":[84],"flaws":[85],"distributed":[86],"along":[87],"length":[89],"through":[91],"thickness.":[93],"Beams":[94],"fabricated":[96],"two":[98,110],"lengths\u20142.44":[99],"m":[100,105],"(8":[101],"ft)":[102],"3.66":[104],"(12":[106,115],"ft)\u2014":[107],"to":[108],"accommodate":[109],"discontinuity":[111,186],"lengths,":[112],"305":[113],"mm":[114,119],"in.)":[116],"610":[118],"(24":[120],"in.),":[121],"respectively.":[122],"Stress":[123],"ToF":[125,157,175],"measurements":[126,140],"conducted":[128],"three":[130],"directions:":[131],"longitudinal,":[132],"width-wise":[133],"thickness-wise.":[135],"Among":[136],"these,":[137],"only":[138],"thickness-wise":[139,161],"across":[141],"consistently":[145],"identified":[146],"location":[148],"intensity":[151],"flaws.":[156],"variations":[158],"direction":[162],"consistent":[164],"regions":[166],"lacking":[167],"adhesive,":[168],"demonstrating":[169],"directional":[171],"sensitivity":[172],"line":[180],"irrespective":[182],"beam":[184],"length.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}