{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225653597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","title":"Technology transfer and industrial relocation in Shanghai\u2019s biomedical industry: challenges and policy implications","display_name":"Technology transfer and industrial relocation in Shanghai\u2019s biomedical industry: challenges and policy implications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225653597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081216543","display_name":"Zhongjian Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-2339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-2339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161716053","display_name":"China Pharmaceutical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sfm2718","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjian Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Pharmaceutical University","School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Pharmaceutical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161716053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161307665","display_name":"Cheng Xuanyi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Xuanyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161317611","display_name":"Wu Yiyu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Yiyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100546824","display_name":"Yin Shuyi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Shuyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070742906","display_name":"Liyou Cui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui Liyou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161346999","display_name":"Zhang Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109791","display_name":"Nanjing Brain Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01wcx2305","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109791"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161328287","display_name":"Wang Siyue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Siyue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161348273","display_name":"Zhang Qingyang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Qingyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161313521","display_name":"Wu Linxia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu Linxia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161334385","display_name":"Fan Yulu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135985","display_name":"Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03ns6aq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161334385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135985"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.5874000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.5874000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.2273000031709671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.08030000329017639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-industry","display_name":"biomedical industry","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-relocation","display_name":"industrial relocation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-ecosystems","display_name":"innovation ecosystems","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shanghai","display_name":"Shanghai","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yangtze-river-delta","display_name":"Yangtze River Delta","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-upgrading","display_name":"industrial upgrading","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779019381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3499564","display_name":"Relocation","level":2,"score":0.9082000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.6972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5378000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018003528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5413","display_name":"Yangtze river","level":3,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158830683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411457","display_name":"Transfer payment","level":3,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87980944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664112","display_name":"Industrial policy","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1939536/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321881","display_name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05tewj457"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325553","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225653597.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225653597.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309011641","https://openalex.org/W4400302871","https://openalex.org/W4408462726","https://openalex.org/W4411221882","https://openalex.org/W4412774982","https://openalex.org/W4414970185","https://openalex.org/W4415839271"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378979917","https://openalex.org/W2364168431","https://openalex.org/W2978311865","https://openalex.org/W4404889049","https://openalex.org/W2378338350","https://openalex.org/W4378717778","https://openalex.org/W4308306349","https://openalex.org/W2356048512","https://openalex.org/W788445095","https://openalex.org/W3198143234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"The":[1,143],"biomedical":[2,180],"industry":[3,181],"is":[4,30,50,182],"one":[5],"of":[6,17,39,47,72,82,129,136,154,169],"three":[7],"priority":[8],"industries":[9],"for":[10,94,201],"development":[11,21],"in":[12,23,52],"Shanghai.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,53,80,127,152],"contradiction":[16],"\u2018conducting":[18],"research":[19],"and":[20,44,58,70,102,105,118,156,163,171,187,197,209],"(R&D)":[22],"Shanghai,":[24],"while":[25],"technology":[26],"transfer":[27],"flows":[28],"elsewhere\u2019":[29],"increasingly":[31],"apparent.":[32],"Although":[33,126],"Shanghai":[34,87,112],"has":[35,132],"a":[36,86,133,190],"high":[37],"concentration":[38],"R&D":[40,49,170,185],"institutions,":[41],"innovative":[42],"talent,":[43],"capital,":[45],"much":[46],"its":[48,91,115,120,139],"industrialized":[51],"surrounding":[54],"Yangtze":[55],"River":[56],"Delta":[57],"beyond.":[59],"This":[60,77],"structural":[61,137,191],"separation":[62,168],"brings":[63],"potential":[64,92],"public-health":[65,210],"risks,":[66],"including":[67],"supply-chain":[68,176],"fragility":[69],"inequity":[71],"medical":[73,175],"product":[74],"access.":[75],"Objective":[76],"paper":[78],"analyzes":[79],"causes":[81],"this":[83],"relocation":[84,110,128],"from":[85],"perspective,":[88],"qualitatively":[89],"assesses":[90],"consequences":[93],"Shanghai\u2019s":[95,179],"economy,":[96],"public":[97,103],"finances,":[98],"national":[99],"innovation":[100],"ecosystem":[101,198],"health,":[104],"proposes":[106],"countermeasures.":[107],"Results":[108],"Industrial":[109],"enables":[111],"to":[113,205],"upgrade":[114],"industrial":[116,160,188],"structure":[117],"clarify":[119],"positioning":[121],"as":[122],"an":[123],"innovation-driven":[124],"city.":[125],"industrialization":[130],"activities":[131],"certain":[134],"degree":[135],"inevitability,":[138],"effects":[140],"are":[141,150],"conditional.":[142],"specific":[144],"outcomes":[145],"depend":[146],"on":[147],"which":[148],"segments":[149],"relocated,":[151],"relationships":[153],"ownership":[155],"control,":[157],"knowledge-feedback":[158],"mechanisms,":[159],"supporting":[161],"capacity,":[162],"cross-regional":[164],"benefit-sharing":[165],"arrangements.":[166],"Unmanaged":[167],"manufacturing":[172],"may":[173],"threaten":[174],"resilience.":[177],"Conclusion":[178],"characterized":[183],"by":[184,194],"agglomeration":[186],"relocation,":[189],"feature":[192],"shaped":[193],"cost,":[195],"policy,":[196],"factors,":[199],"calling":[200],"regional":[202],"collaborative":[203],"governance":[204],"mitigate":[206],"both":[207],"economic":[208],"risks.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
