{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225653237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","title":"Agricultural Waste Valorization for Sustainable Polymer Composites: Pathways Toward a Circular Bioeconomy","display_name":"Agricultural Waste Valorization for Sustainable Polymer Composites: Pathways Toward a Circular Bioeconomy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225653237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203197","display_name":"Clean Technologies","issn_l":"2571-8797","issn":["2571-8797"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039241458","display_name":"Chrysanthos Maraveas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-615X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-615X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chrysanthos Maraveas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2140-615X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039288275","display_name":"Sofia Papadaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-954X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-954X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Papadaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-954X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090133124","display_name":"Marianna I. Kotzabasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-0366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-0366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianna I. Kotzabasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Farm Structures, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039241458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"183","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13240","display_name":"Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-waste-valorization","display_name":"agricultural waste valorization","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-composites","display_name":"polymer composites","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-bioeconomy","display_name":"circular bioeconomy","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-residues","display_name":"crop residues","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-treatment","display_name":"alkali treatment","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-content","display_name":"filler content","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioplastics","display_name":"bioplastics","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-assessment","display_name":"life cycle assessment","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-up","display_name":"scale-up","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-pollution","display_name":"plastic pollution","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.7001000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43719734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413458","display_name":"Bioplastic","level":2,"score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.616100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171359207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868477","display_name":"Thermosetting polymer","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207581243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746959","display_name":"Agrochemical","level":3,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777448596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497743","display_name":"Circular economy","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781247691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380677","display_name":"Thermoplastic","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179720865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550480","display_name":"Commodity chemicals","level":3,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987528374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542929","display_name":"Chemical products","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983292776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489209","display_name":"Joint venture","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781338088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903495","display_name":"Residue (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183889291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5187955","display_name":"Crop residue","level":3,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536799390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202108","display_name":"Plastics industry","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993426478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5603620","display_name":"Agricultural waste","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203197","display_name":"Clean Technologies","issn_l":"2571-8797","issn":["2571-8797"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8060183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203197","display_name":"Clean Technologies","issn_l":"2571-8797","issn":["2571-8797"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clean Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980811704","https://openalex.org/W1991676049","https://openalex.org/W2044892884","https://openalex.org/W2059474375","https://openalex.org/W2076308216","https://openalex.org/W2085941932","https://openalex.org/W2093373322","https://openalex.org/W2098918067","https://openalex.org/W2124256871","https://openalex.org/W2737217596","https://openalex.org/W2995268542","https://openalex.org/W3026001940","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3118630485","https://openalex.org/W3128054748","https://openalex.org/W3130369277","https://openalex.org/W3132388580","https://openalex.org/W3216409877","https://openalex.org/W4200335326","https://openalex.org/W4205722716","https://openalex.org/W4220992142","https://openalex.org/W4223927234","https://openalex.org/W4226211071","https://openalex.org/W4226248402","https://openalex.org/W4284890282","https://openalex.org/W4291015857","https://openalex.org/W4293060744","https://openalex.org/W4296691865","https://openalex.org/W4296886162","https://openalex.org/W4297097027","https://openalex.org/W4302025068","https://openalex.org/W4308920591","https://openalex.org/W4309279657","https://openalex.org/W4311763298","https://openalex.org/W4312124457","https://openalex.org/W4313891741","https://openalex.org/W4316467265","https://openalex.org/W4317885310","https://openalex.org/W4319441055","https://openalex.org/W4323308655","https://openalex.org/W4327583885","https://openalex.org/W4365813572","https://openalex.org/W4377696741","https://openalex.org/W4381050412","https://openalex.org/W4381930078","https://openalex.org/W4382458458","https://openalex.org/W4382798271","https://openalex.org/W4383197487","https://openalex.org/W4383700393","https://openalex.org/W4385009764","https://openalex.org/W4385234074","https://openalex.org/W4386032295","https://openalex.org/W4386736262","https://openalex.org/W4386810180","https://openalex.org/W4387477536","https://openalex.org/W4387608527","https://openalex.org/W4389060261","https://openalex.org/W4389486826","https://openalex.org/W4389637500","https://openalex.org/W4391289318","https://openalex.org/W4392992595","https://openalex.org/W4393142091","https://openalex.org/W4394566890","https://openalex.org/W4394794499","https://openalex.org/W4394949135","https://openalex.org/W4396761278","https://openalex.org/W4399122578","https://openalex.org/W4399303560","https://openalex.org/W4399495321","https://openalex.org/W4399790475","https://openalex.org/W4400111661","https://openalex.org/W4400317050","https://openalex.org/W4400963421","https://openalex.org/W4401104484","https://openalex.org/W4401479913","https://openalex.org/W4401777715","https://openalex.org/W4401791898","https://openalex.org/W4401804245","https://openalex.org/W4401908576","https://openalex.org/W4402919581","https://openalex.org/W4403258224","https://openalex.org/W4403472347","https://openalex.org/W4403472405","https://openalex.org/W4403730388","https://openalex.org/W4404053560","https://openalex.org/W4405412293","https://openalex.org/W4405804851","https://openalex.org/W4405871139","https://openalex.org/W4406034319","https://openalex.org/W4406045011","https://openalex.org/W4406450859","https://openalex.org/W4406610478","https://openalex.org/W4407693725","https://openalex.org/W4407790122","https://openalex.org/W4408187281","https://openalex.org/W4409257167","https://openalex.org/W4409305184","https://openalex.org/W4409581390","https://openalex.org/W4410039390","https://openalex.org/W4410701424","https://openalex.org/W4410967831","https://openalex.org/W4411049421","https://openalex.org/W4411071041","https://openalex.org/W4411628019","https://openalex.org/W4411728029","https://openalex.org/W4412147319","https://openalex.org/W4412439456","https://openalex.org/W4413118171","https://openalex.org/W4413270145","https://openalex.org/W4413314134","https://openalex.org/W4413416175","https://openalex.org/W4413993496","https://openalex.org/W4414284110","https://openalex.org/W4414421139","https://openalex.org/W4414827462","https://openalex.org/W4414958548","https://openalex.org/W4415283145","https://openalex.org/W4415736623","https://openalex.org/W4416420735","https://openalex.org/W4416531591","https://openalex.org/W4417138354","https://openalex.org/W4417180573","https://openalex.org/W4417268852","https://openalex.org/W6940486978","https://openalex.org/W6959775999","https://openalex.org/W7113905824","https://openalex.org/W7118862410","https://openalex.org/W7119484388","https://openalex.org/W7128395277","https://openalex.org/W7128700500","https://openalex.org/W7154308994","https://openalex.org/W7160173527","https://openalex.org/W7161548694","https://openalex.org/W7165056798","https://openalex.org/W7203468082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131501089","https://openalex.org/W4415901307","https://openalex.org/W4312203789","https://openalex.org/W2774655085","https://openalex.org/W7155044505","https://openalex.org/W4387036212","https://openalex.org/W4367397383","https://openalex.org/W3175484826","https://openalex.org/W4399009245","https://openalex.org/W4405919922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Valorizing":[0],"agricultural":[1],"residues":[2,239],"in":[3,198],"polymer":[4],"composites":[5,122,218],"is":[6,193],"often":[7],"presented":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,35,139,144,150,256,274],"way":[11],"to":[12,195,265],"tackle":[13],"two":[14,137],"problems":[15],"at":[16,158,181],"once:":[17],"fossil":[18],"plastics":[19,210],"and":[20,42,54,61,92,98,110,147,162,201,235,250,263,276],"unused":[21],"crop":[22],"residues.":[23],"This":[24],"review":[25,37],"tests":[26],"that":[27,217],"claim":[28],"against":[29],"the":[30,39,46,121,130,163,174,261],"evidence.":[31],"It":[32],"follows":[33],"up":[34,56],"2020":[36,175],"by":[38,57],"first":[40],"author":[41],"asks":[43],"how":[44],"far":[45],"directions":[47],"proposed":[48],"then":[49],"have":[50,177,186],"been":[51,178,188],"pursued,":[52],"validated":[53,189],"taken":[55],"industry":[58],"between":[59],"2021":[60],"2026.":[62],"A":[63],"PRISMA":[64],"2020-guided":[65],"search":[66],"identified":[67],"105":[68,131],"included":[69],"studies,":[70,133,154],"each":[71],"coded":[72,132],"for":[73,205,260],"feedstock":[74],"status":[75,259],"(field":[76],"residue,":[77,161],"processing":[78,96],"by-product,":[79],"post-consumer":[80],"residue":[81,262],"or":[82,126,243],"purpose-grown":[83],"comparator),":[84],"matrix":[85],"class,":[86],"valorization":[87],"pathway,":[88],"scale":[89],"of":[90,107,120,209,248],"demonstration":[91],"environmental":[93],"assessment.":[94,152],"Physical":[95],"(milling)":[97],"chemical":[99,111,233],"surface":[100],"modification":[101],"(mainly":[102],"alkali":[103],"treatment)":[104],"dominated":[105],"(87%":[106],"studies).":[108],"Biological":[109],"conversion":[112],"into":[113],"new":[114],"polymers":[115],"remained":[116],"rare.":[117],"Roughly":[118],"half":[119],"used":[123],"non-biodegradable":[124],"thermoset":[125],"thermoplastic":[127],"matrices.":[128],"Of":[129],"102":[134],"were":[135],"laboratory-only,":[136],"reported":[138,143,149],"scale-up":[140],"step,":[141],"one":[142],"life-cycle":[145,214],"assessment,":[146],"none":[148],"techno-economic":[151],"Across":[153],"mechanical":[155],"optima":[156],"clustered":[157],"10\u201320":[159],"wt%":[160],"optimum":[164],"depended":[165],"on":[166],"which":[167],"property":[168],"was":[169],"measured.":[170],"Six":[171],"years":[172],"on,":[173],"propositions":[176],"confirmed":[179],"technically":[180],"bench":[182],"scale,":[183],"but":[184],"they":[185,224],"not":[187,237],"industrially.":[190],"Market":[191],"uptake":[192],"limited":[194],"low-transformation":[196],"fillers":[197],"commodity":[199],"polymers,":[200],"bioplastics":[202],"still":[203],"account":[204],"only":[206],"about":[207],"0.5%":[208],"production.":[211],"The":[212],"available":[213],"evidence":[215],"suggests":[216],"are":[219],"environmentally":[220],"favourable":[221],"mainly":[222],"when":[223],"displace":[225],"virgin":[226],"polymer;":[227],"avoid":[228],"open":[229],"burning;":[230],"use":[231],"little":[232],"treatment;":[234],"do":[236],"divert":[238],"from":[240],"soil,":[241],"feed":[242],"established":[244],"material":[245],"uses.":[246],"Claims":[247],"sustainability":[249],"circularity":[251],"therefore":[252],"need":[253],"defined":[254],"benchmarks,":[255],"stated":[257],"legal":[258],"attention":[264],"its":[266],"intrinsic":[267],"properties.":[268],"On":[269],"this":[270],"basis,":[271],"we":[272],"propose":[273],"property-led":[275],"cascade-consistent":[277],"research":[278],"agenda.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}