{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225652177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","title":"Socratic Hope in Plato\u2019s Apology","display_name":"Socratic Hope in Plato\u2019s Apology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225652177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195774317","display_name":"Apeiron","issn_l":"0003-6390","issn":["0003-6390","2156-7093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Apeiron","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093387309","display_name":"Andrew Culbreth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6010-9654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6010-9654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103531236","display_name":"Boston College","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2fzt79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Culbreth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6010-9654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093387309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socrates","display_name":"Socrates","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plato-s-apology","display_name":"Plato's Apology","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hope","display_name":"hope","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-of-death","display_name":"fear of death","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtue","display_name":"virtue","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-modesty","display_name":"epistemic modesty","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology-of-hope","display_name":"psychology of hope","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/death-and-immortality","display_name":"death and immortality","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socratic-ethics","display_name":"Socratic ethics","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2801541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839475","display_name":"Socratic method","level":2,"score":0.7056999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6488999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777239683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811","display_name":"Virtue","level":2,"score":0.6313999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779259174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553104","display_name":"SOCRATES","level":2,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777708924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086395","display_name":"Virtue ethics","level":3,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522434184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943303","display_name":"Contemporary philosophy","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654390","display_name":"Intentionality","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28139999508857727}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2025-0110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195774317","display_name":"Apeiron","issn_l":"0003-6390","issn":["0003-6390","2156-7093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Apeiron","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W410872362","https://openalex.org/W1596700993","https://openalex.org/W1993611674","https://openalex.org/W2006454975","https://openalex.org/W2059517672","https://openalex.org/W2092709599","https://openalex.org/W2100194379","https://openalex.org/W2145803239","https://openalex.org/W2168882898","https://openalex.org/W2295601780","https://openalex.org/W2348042901","https://openalex.org/W2373204433","https://openalex.org/W2477068652","https://openalex.org/W2492798404","https://openalex.org/W3107328932","https://openalex.org/W4225931573","https://openalex.org/W4245176499","https://openalex.org/W4281775790","https://openalex.org/W4386624994","https://openalex.org/W4386624997","https://openalex.org/W4386628188","https://openalex.org/W4386628775","https://openalex.org/W4388213737","https://openalex.org/W4396740608","https://openalex.org/W4410667800","https://openalex.org/W4410668424","https://openalex.org/W4417446332","https://openalex.org/W7127413673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396740608","https://openalex.org/W2226874303","https://openalex.org/W2063595384","https://openalex.org/W3039903781","https://openalex.org/W4249554134","https://openalex.org/W2736567541","https://openalex.org/W3159660854","https://openalex.org/W2100194379","https://openalex.org/W3112539251","https://openalex.org/W110261954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"At":[1],"the":[2,23,37,55,117],"end":[3],"of":[4,27,39,57,103,119],"Plato\u2019s":[5],"Apology":[6],",":[7],"Socrates":[8],"urges":[9],"his":[10,47,76,100],"friends":[11],"to":[12,50,65,71,132],"be":[13,129],"hopeful":[14],"about":[15,79,90],"death":[16,40,91],"(40c5-6,":[17],"41c8-9).":[18],"Scholars":[19],"have":[20],"puzzled":[21],"over":[22],"aim":[24],"and":[25,45,62,121],"coherence":[26],"this":[28,126],"passage.":[29],"I":[30,59,123],"argue":[31,124],"that,":[32],"for":[33,54,113],"Socrates,":[34],"hope":[35,72,105,127],"undermines":[36],"fear":[38],"that":[41,68,125],"militates":[42],"against":[43],"virtue":[44],"reinforces":[46],"friends\u2019":[48],"motivation":[49,112],"risk":[51],"their":[52],"lives":[53],"sake":[56],"virtue.":[58],"show":[60],"further,":[61],"in":[63,116],"contrast":[64],"recent":[66],"interpretations,":[67],"Socrates\u2019":[69,88,133],"exhortation":[70],"remains":[73],"consistent":[74],"with":[75],"epistemic":[77],"modesty":[78],"death\u2019s":[80],"value":[81],"(29a7-b5).":[82],"My":[83],"interpretation":[84],"not":[85],"only":[86],"renders":[87],"claims":[89],"consistent,":[92],"but":[93],"also":[94],"(and":[95],"more":[96,130],"importantly)":[97],"it":[98],"illuminates":[99],"distinctive":[101],"psychology":[102],"hope:":[104],"provides":[106],"a":[107],"powerful":[108],"yet":[109],"epistemically":[110],"modest":[111],"virtuous":[114],"action":[115],"face":[118],"danger":[120],"death.":[122],"may":[128],"central":[131],"ethical":[134],"project":[135],"than":[136],"previously":[137],"supposed.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
