{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225650885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","title":"Experimental Investigation of Leading-Edge Tubercled Hydrofoils attached to a ship: Underwater Noise and Hydrodynamic Performance","display_name":"Experimental Investigation of Leading-Edge Tubercled Hydrofoils attached to a ship: Underwater Noise and Hydrodynamic Performance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225650885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31224/8769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","pdf_url":"https://engrxiv.org/preprint/download/8769/14223/12431","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://engrxiv.org/preprint/download/8769/14223/12431","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161348575","display_name":"Chengyi Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cranfield University , Cranfield , MK43 0AL , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cranfield University , Cranfield , MK43 0AL , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161329359","display_name":"Danlei Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726869","display_name":"City St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/047ybhc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danlei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering , City St George's University of London , London , EC1V 0HB , United Kingdom","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cranfield University , Cranfield , MK43 0AL , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering , City St George's University of London , London , EC1V 0HB , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cranfield University , Cranfield , MK43 0AL , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005955128","display_name":"Blanca Pe\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-1466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-1466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blanca Pena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cranfield University , Cranfield , MK43 0AL , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cranfield University , Cranfield , MK43 0AL , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161322288","display_name":"Tim Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Achelous Energy Limited , Unit 2 Black Robins Farm , Edenbridge TN8 6QP , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Achelous Energy Limited , Unit 2 Black Robins Farm , Edenbridge TN8 6QP , United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088146862","display_name":"Luofeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-7677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-7677"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luofeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-7677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.9624000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leading-edge-tubercles","display_name":"leading-edge tubercles","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrofoil","display_name":"hydrofoil","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propeller-noise","display_name":"propeller noise","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-noise-reduction","display_name":"underwater noise reduction","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-hydrodynamics","display_name":"ship hydrodynamics","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kvlcc2-tanker","display_name":"KVLCC2 tanker","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-pressure-spectra","display_name":"sound pressure spectra","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chord-length","display_name":"chord length","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wing-span","display_name":"wing span","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propeller-wake","display_name":"propeller wake","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80055088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205451","display_name":"Propeller","level":2,"score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7330999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194147245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076368","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","level":2,"score":0.6029000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207057113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201666","display_name":"Cavitation","level":2,"score":0.5393000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151174772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246710","display_name":"Propulsor","level":3,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48939323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294879","display_name":"Wake","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91528185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520952","display_name":"Maxima","level":3,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205312793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002801","display_name":"Ambient noise level","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122381330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Frequency spectrum","level":3,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31224/8769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","pdf_url":"https://engrxiv.org/preprint/download/8769/14223/12431","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ops.engrxiv.org:preprint/8769","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://engrxiv.org/preprint/view/8769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401210","display_name":"Engineering Archive (engrXiv)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31224/8769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31224/8769","pdf_url":"https://engrxiv.org/preprint/download/8769/14223/12431","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225650885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225650885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933930854","https://openalex.org/W2053034111","https://openalex.org/W2128633377","https://openalex.org/W2267467442","https://openalex.org/W2312991241","https://openalex.org/W2416260605","https://openalex.org/W2910260308","https://openalex.org/W3169018867","https://openalex.org/W3187150257","https://openalex.org/W4221099948","https://openalex.org/W4366088908","https://openalex.org/W4414887808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195625959","https://openalex.org/W2930401834","https://openalex.org/W4399972302","https://openalex.org/W1653679666","https://openalex.org/W3208764543","https://openalex.org/W4293114190","https://openalex.org/W6929561306","https://openalex.org/W4413229855","https://openalex.org/W4407619304","https://openalex.org/W2707017462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hydrofoils":[0,65],"installed":[1,66],"upstream":[2,67],"of":[3,19,37,40,68,107,110,299],"a":[4,41,62,69,111,132,200,217,236,259,272,283],"ship":[5,70,79],"propeller":[6,39,71,109],"offer":[7,72],"opportunities":[8,73],"to":[9,74,178,256,288],"modify":[10],"underwater":[11,76],"noise":[12,77,303],"and":[13,32,53,78,89,123,145,212,232,243,305],"vessel":[14,146],"performance,":[15],"but":[16,81,276],"the":[17,38,90,108,157,160,192,204,264,289,296,312],"benefits":[18,298],"leading-edge":[20],"tubercles":[21,255],"in":[22,87,164,183],"this":[23,82,300],"arrangement":[24],"remain":[25,93],"unclear.":[26,94],"This":[27,95],"study":[28,96],"experimentally":[29,97],"investigates":[30,98],"smooth":[31,291],"tubercled":[33,103],"hydrofoils":[34,257],"mounted":[35,105],"ahead":[36,106],"KVLCC2-type":[42,112],"model":[43,113],"tanker.":[44,114],"Thirty":[45,115],"configurations,":[46,116,159],"varying":[47,117],"mounting":[48,118],"position,":[49,119],"wingspan,":[50,120],"chord":[51,121,275,286],"length":[52,122],"tubercle":[54,124],"number,":[55,125],"were":[56,126,138,250],"evaluated":[57,127],"over":[58,128,203],"147":[59,129],"runs":[60,130],"against":[61,131],"bare-hull":[63,133,205],"reference.":[64,134,206],"alter":[75],"hydrodynamics,":[80],"has":[83],"rarely":[84],"been":[85],"proven":[86],"experiments":[88],"underlying":[91],"mechanisms":[92],"hydrofoils,":[99],"inspired":[100],"by":[101,151,220,268,279],"whales\u2019":[102],"flippers,":[104],"Underwater":[135],"pressure":[136,166,184],"spectra":[137],"analysed":[139],"at":[140,170,188,271,282],"13":[141],"selected":[142,245],"frequency":[143,174,246],"bands,":[144],"advance":[147],"performance":[148,241],"was":[149,175],"characterised":[150],"distance":[152],"per":[153],"revolution":[154],"(DPR).":[155],"Across":[156],"tested":[158],"largest":[161],"observed":[162],"reduction":[163,182],"sound":[165],"spectral":[167,186,227,266],"density":[168,187],"level":[169,267],"an":[171,180],"individual":[172],"target":[173],"7.03":[176],"dB,corresponding":[177],"approximately":[179],"80.2%":[181],"power":[185],"that":[189],"frequency,":[190],"while":[191],"highest":[193],"configuration-mean":[194],"DPR":[195],"reached":[196],"22.03":[197],"mm/rev,":[198],"representing":[199],"7.8%":[201],"increase":[202],"These":[207,293],"maxima":[208],"represent":[209],"separate":[210],"acoustic":[211],"advance-performance":[213],"outcomes":[214],"rather":[215],"than":[216],"simultaneous":[218],"improvement":[219],"one":[221],"configuration.":[222],"Many":[223],"configurations":[224],"also":[225],"increased":[226],"levels":[228],"or":[229],"reduced":[230],"DPR,":[231],"no":[233],"configuration":[234],"demonstrated":[235],"consistent":[237],"advantage":[238],"across":[239],"both":[240],"measures":[242],"all":[244],"bands.":[247],"Tubercle":[248],"effects":[249],"strongly":[251],"geometry-dependent:":[252],"adding":[253],"five":[254],"with":[258],"40":[260,284],"mm":[261,274,285],"wingspan":[262],"lowered":[263],"mean":[265],"1.85":[269],"dB":[270,281],"20":[273],"raised":[277],"it":[278],"1.17":[280],"relative":[287],"corresponding":[290],"hydrofoils.":[292],"findings":[294],"prove":[295],"potential":[297],"application":[301],"for":[302],"control":[304],"hydrodynamic":[306],"enhancement,":[307],"motivating":[308],"further":[309],"investigations":[310],"into":[311],"physics.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
