{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225650857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","title":"Closed-Loop Syntactic Decay and Lexical Convergence in Recursive N-Gram Language Systems","display_name":"Closed-Loop Syntactic Decay and Lexical Convergence in Recursive N-Gram Language Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225650857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133202942","display_name":"Craig Kyrle Strachan Davidson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2990-8716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2990-8716"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davidson, Craig Kyrle Strachan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2990-8716","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133202942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.40310001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.40310001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.20749999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.09220000356435776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-language-models","display_name":"recursive language models","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-retention","display_name":"vocabulary retention","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-convergence","display_name":"lexical convergence","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy-dynamics","display_name":"entropy dynamics","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractor-states","display_name":"attractor states","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-diversity","display_name":"lexical diversity","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-text-generation","display_name":"synthetic text generation","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-training","display_name":"self-training","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-degradation","display_name":"information degradation","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6833999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.6274999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264164","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.46889999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126706616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944660","display_name":"Lexical item","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982939207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1175101","display_name":"Recursive functions","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24085425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24085425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7153978196","https://openalex.org/W2222433218","https://openalex.org/W4283381066","https://openalex.org/W7125605284","https://openalex.org/W7151581120","https://openalex.org/W7204218856","https://openalex.org/W7214783022","https://openalex.org/W7125374322","https://openalex.org/W7117576107","https://openalex.org/W7124759065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,121,207],"study":[1,227],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,47,59,71,82,86,124,155,205,226],"long-term":[4],"behaviour":[5,122],"of":[6,24,58,81,126,164,204,219,225,233],"recursively":[7],"self-trained":[8],"language":[9,98,141,167,221],"systems":[10,142,236],"using":[11],"a":[12,65,161,216],"finite-state":[13,139],"N-gram":[14],"Markov":[15],"framework.":[16],"Two":[17,100],"experiments":[18],"were":[19],"conducted":[20],"across":[21],"1,000":[22],"generations":[23],"recursive":[25,97,112,132,140,177,234],"synthetic":[26],"text":[27],"production.":[28],"The":[29,88,135,223],"first":[30],"experiment":[31,90],"examined":[32],"vocabulary":[33,50,84,145],"retention":[34,51],"and":[35,42,62,147,182,193,202],"entropy":[36,180],"dynamics":[37,184],"under":[38,43,150,237],"strict":[39],"closed-loop":[40,48,238],"recursion":[41],"mutation-augmented":[44],"recursion.":[45],"In":[46],"condition,":[49],"declined":[52],"rapidly":[53],"from":[54],"100%":[55],"to":[56,198,229],"19.23%":[57],"original":[60,83],"lexicon":[61],"stabilised":[63],"in":[64,130,185],"low-entropy":[66],"attractor":[67,148],"state.":[68],"By":[69],"contrast,":[70],"mutation":[72],"condition":[73],"maintained":[74],"high":[75],"lexical":[76,92,105,128],"diversity,":[77],"preserving":[78],"approximately":[79],"87-100%":[80],"throughout":[85],"experiment.":[87],"second":[89],"investigated":[91],"convergence":[93,183],"between":[94],"initially":[95],"distinct":[96],"systems.":[99,188],"models":[101],"sharing":[102],"only":[103],"nine":[104],"items":[106],"at":[107],"initialization":[108],"progressively":[109],"converged":[110],"through":[111],"exchange,":[113],"ultimately":[114],"stabilising":[115],"on":[116],"an":[117,171,210],"identical":[118],"reduced":[119],"vocabulary.":[120],"suggests":[123],"emergence":[125],"shared":[127],"attractors":[129],"isolated":[131],"communication":[133],"environments.":[134],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"that":[138],"exhibit":[143],"both":[144],"contraction":[146],"formation":[149],"closed":[151],"feedback":[152,239],"conditions.":[153,240],"While":[154],"framework":[156,213],"is":[157,228],"not":[158],"intended":[159],"as":[160],"direct":[162,217],"simulation":[163],"transformer-based":[165,220],"large":[166],"models,":[168],"it":[169],"provides":[170],"experimentally":[172],"reproducible":[173],"analogue":[174,211],"for":[175],"studying":[176],"information":[178,235],"degradation,":[179],"collapse,":[181],"self-referential":[186],"generative":[187],"Source":[189],"code,":[190],"experimental":[191],"data,":[192],"methodological":[194],"details":[195],"are":[196],"included":[197],"support":[199],"independent":[200],"verification":[201],"extension":[203],"findings.":[206],"work":[208],"presents":[209],"computational":[212],"rather":[214],"than":[215],"implementation":[218],"models.":[222],"purpose":[224],"explore":[230],"general":[231],"properties":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
