{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225649643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","title":"Association Between Cervical Vertebral Maturation and Dental Calcification Stages in Children and Adolescents Aged 7-17 Years: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Association Between Cervical Vertebral Maturation and Dental Calcification Stages in Children and Adolescents Aged 7-17 Years: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225649643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.119331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/545699-association-between-cervical-vertebral-maturation-and-dental-calcification-stages-in-children-and-adolescents-aged-7-17-years-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/545699-association-between-cervical-vertebral-maturation-and-dental-calcification-stages-in-children-and-adolescents-aged-7-17-years-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-study.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653763","display_name":"Neha Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-427X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-427X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2005-8392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274607","display_name":"Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/020vzr644","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry , Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital , Kolkata , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry , Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital , Kolkata , IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161358825","display_name":"Amit Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry , Awadh Dental College & Hospital , Jamshedpur , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry , Awadh Dental College & Hospital , Jamshedpur , IND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161317632","display_name":"Arghadeep Dey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110304","display_name":"Pacific Dental College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01vfwah22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110304"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arghadeep Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry , Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry , Pacific Dental College and Hospital , Udaipur , IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062734593","display_name":"Sasmita Sahu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasmita Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161317550","display_name":"Subhadeep Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhadeep Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge , Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Patiala , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge , Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Patiala , IND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078446915","display_name":"Saurabh Pramanik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Pramanik","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge , Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Patiala , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge , Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Patiala , IND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058185084","display_name":"Akshaya Ojha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274607","display_name":"Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/020vzr644","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshaya Ojha","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry , Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital , Kolkata , IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry , Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital , Kolkata , IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.8916000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.8916000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.08829999715089798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-vertebral-maturation","display_name":"cervical vertebral maturation","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-calcification","display_name":"tooth calcification","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-maturity-assessment","display_name":"skeletal maturity assessment","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-teeth","display_name":"mandibular teeth","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baccetti-method","display_name":"Baccetti method","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pubertal-growth-spurt","display_name":"pubertal growth spurt","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panoramic-radiography","display_name":"panoramic radiography","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalometric-analysis","display_name":"cephalometric analysis","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-of-orthodontic-treatment","display_name":"orthodontic treatment timing","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-rater-reliability","display_name":"intra-rater reliability","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-premolar","display_name":"second premolar","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-canine","display_name":"mandibular canine","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-premolar","display_name":"first premolar","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9606000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.6294000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839483","display_name":"Premolar","level":3,"score":0.5655999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933382","display_name":"Calcification","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202271784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189218","display_name":"Molar","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777089686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2521823","display_name":"Mandibular canine","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776944266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900457","display_name":"Cervical vertebrae","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191093355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9250577","display_name":"Exact test","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777755805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113715","display_name":"Overjet","level":3,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54510867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2508462","display_name":"Oral and maxillofacial pathology","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73753567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4348754","display_name":"Mandibular second molar","level":3,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159744936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777081826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418904","display_name":"Cephalometry","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101601086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753228","display_name":"Rank correlation","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68312169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216685","display_name":"Orthopedic surgery","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.119331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/545699-association-between-cervical-vertebral-maturation-and-dental-calcification-stages-in-children-and-adolescents-aged-7-17-years-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.119331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.119331","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/545699-association-between-cervical-vertebral-maturation-and-dental-calcification-stages-in-children-and-adolescents-aged-7-17-years-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225649643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225649643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005133904","https://openalex.org/W2071294957","https://openalex.org/W2093144693","https://openalex.org/W2118374523","https://openalex.org/W2118870834","https://openalex.org/W2159312971","https://openalex.org/W2261795910","https://openalex.org/W2736914682","https://openalex.org/W3004005969","https://openalex.org/W3167739102","https://openalex.org/W4214880644","https://openalex.org/W4380537398","https://openalex.org/W4390947797","https://openalex.org/W4393085155","https://openalex.org/W4400363158","https://openalex.org/W4404311363","https://openalex.org/W4409822536","https://openalex.org/W4412196425","https://openalex.org/W7214080167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2315666057","https://openalex.org/W2084539168","https://openalex.org/W2800619415","https://openalex.org/W2792021540","https://openalex.org/W7225032280","https://openalex.org/W3014336216","https://openalex.org/W7203652558","https://openalex.org/W2315043689","https://openalex.org/W3202419253","https://openalex.org/W4383550282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IntroductionThe":[0],"timing":[1,366,384],"of":[2,16,54,103,132,323,332,348,367,385],"orthopedic":[3],"and":[4,50,60,77,85,97,144,161,184,198,205,280,327,330,336],"orthodontic":[5,386],"treatment":[6,369],"in":[7,58,101,208,218,230,240,276,283,351],"the":[8,43,104,115,129,133,192,209,215,224,227,241,262,267,312,324,368,382],"pubertal":[9,263],"growth":[10,264],"spurt":[11],"necessitates":[12],"an":[13,342],"accurate":[14],"prediction":[15],"skeletal":[17,349,362],"maturity.Cervical":[18],"vertebral":[19,47,107,334],"maturation":[20,48,108],"(CVM)":[21],"staging":[22,122],"on":[23],"lateral":[24],"cephalograms":[25,111],"is":[26,316,370],"widely":[27],"used,":[28],"whereas":[29,223],"dental":[30,51],"calcification":[31,52,130,321],"can":[32,338],"be":[33,119,339,356],"read":[34],"from":[35,295,307],"routine":[36],"panoramic":[37,352],"radiographs.This":[38],"study":[39,81],"aimed":[40],"to":[41,68,118,127,149,171,297,309],"evaluate":[42],"association":[44],"between":[45,180,320],"cervical":[46,106,333],"stages":[49,53,109,322],"selected":[55,90],"mandibular":[56,135,268,325],"teeth":[57,183],"children":[59,84],"adolescents":[61,86],"aged":[62,87],"7-17":[63,88],"years.A":[64],"secondary":[65],"objective":[66],"was":[67,169,201,270,288,300],"assess":[69,128],"whether":[70],"these":[71],"associations":[72,373],"differed":[73],"by":[74,114],"sex.":[75],"Materials":[76],"MethodsThis":[78],"retrospective":[79],"cross-sectional":[80,372],"included":[82],"300":[83],"years":[89],"using":[91],"quota-based":[92],"sampling,":[93],"with":[94,252,290,302],"25":[95,98],"males":[96],"females":[99],"represented":[100],"each":[102],"six":[105],"(CS1-CS6).Lateral":[110],"were":[112,125,165,176,238],"taken":[113,126],"Baccetti":[116],"method":[117],"used":[120,170,340,357],"for":[121,191,361],"CVM.Panoramic":[123],"radiographs":[124],"status":[131],"left":[134],"canine":[136,225,269,326],"(33),":[137],"first":[138,196],"premolar":[139,142,213,329],"(34),":[140],"second":[141,145,193,199,212,328],"(35),":[143],"molar":[146,200],"(37)":[147],"according":[148],"Demirjian's":[150],"score":[151],"(A-H).The":[152],"Spearman":[153],"rank":[154],"correlation,":[155],"Fisher":[156],"r-to-z":[157],"test,":[158,160],"Kruskal-Wallis":[159],"Mann-Whitney":[162],"U":[163],"test":[164],"used.Quadratic":[166],"weighted":[167,291,303],"kappa":[168,304],"measure":[172],"intra-examiner":[173],"reliability.":[174],"ResultsThere":[175],"significant":[177,235],"positive":[178],"correlations":[179],"all":[181],"four":[182],"CVM":[185,253],"stage":[186,254,274,281],"(p":[187,244],"<":[188],"0.001).Spearman's":[189],"\u03c1":[190],"premolar,":[194,197],"canine,":[195],"0.758,":[202],"0.756,":[203],"0.683,":[204],"0.628,":[206],"respectively,":[207],"total":[210],"sample.The":[211],"showed":[214,226,248],"strongest":[216,228],"correlation":[217,229,242,251,319],"boys":[219,277],"(\u03c1":[220,232,255],"=":[221,233,256],"0.807),":[222],"girls":[231,284],"0.763).No":[234],"sex":[236],"differences":[237],"observed":[239],"coefficients":[243],">":[245],"0.05).Chronological":[246],"age":[247],"a":[249,317,359],"stronger":[250],"0.897)":[257],"than":[258],"any":[259],"individual":[260],"tooth.At":[261],"peak":[265],"(CS3-CS4),":[266],"most":[271],"frequently":[272],"at":[273],"E":[275],"(21/50,":[278],"42%)":[279],"F":[282],"(22/50,":[285],"44%).Intra-examiner":[286],"agreement":[287],"high,":[289,301],"\u03ba":[292],"values":[293,305],"ranging":[294,306],"0.949":[296,308],"0.979.Intra-examiner":[298],"reliability":[299],"0.979":[310],"across":[311],"assessed":[313],"variables.":[314],"ConclusionsThere":[315],"high":[318],"those":[331],"maturation,":[335],"it":[337],"as":[341,358],"additional":[343],"radiological,":[344],"non-radiation":[345],"screening":[346],"tool":[347],"maturity":[350],"radiographs.They":[353],"should":[354],"not":[355,375],"substitute":[360],"indicators":[363],"where":[364],"exact":[365],"important.These":[371],"do":[374],"establish":[376],"temporal":[377],"prediction,":[378],"diagnostic":[379],"accuracy,":[380],"or":[381],"optimal":[383],"treatment.":[387]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}