{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225648802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","title":"Weakly supervised computational pathology for prognostic stratification in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicenter external validation study","display_name":"Weakly supervised computational pathology for prognostic stratification in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicenter external validation study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225648802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596394214","display_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","issn_l":"2234-943X","issn":["2234-943X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862405","display_name":"Chao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9047-2428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9047-2428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116517","display_name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ar2nf05","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161355782","display_name":"Wenxuan Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112652710","display_name":"Mingjun Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128482","display_name":"Jiangsu Cancer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03108sf43","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128482","https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152907791","display_name":"Xuanchen Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116517","display_name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ar2nf05","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanchen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072886400","display_name":"Butuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-3435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-3435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100830","display_name":"Shandong Tumor Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01413r497","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Butuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100830","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161322468","display_name":"Xiong Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103346","display_name":"Nanfang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq10738","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072886400","https://openalex.org/A5161322468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100830","https://openalex.org/I4210103346","https://openalex.org/I4210163399","https://openalex.org/I58200834"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locally-advanced-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma","display_name":"locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-stratification","display_name":"prognostic stratification","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-pathology","display_name":"computational pathology","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-instance-learning","display_name":"multiple instance learning","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-based-deep-learning","display_name":"attention-based deep learning","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clams","display_name":"clams","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-stained-whole-slide-images","display_name":"H&E-stained whole slide images","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/progression-free-survival","display_name":"progression-free survival","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-score","display_name":"risk score","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weakly-supervised-learning","display_name":"weakly supervised learning","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathological-features","display_name":"histopathological features","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction-model","display_name":"risk prediction model","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-prediction","display_name":"treatment response prediction","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7246999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6216999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778997737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1693598","display_name":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993277928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248370","display_name":"Prognostic model","level":3,"score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.572700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020404979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk stratification","level":2,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34626388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721129","display_name":"Nomogram","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164465091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248371","display_name":"Prognostic variable","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020225094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80091","display_name":"Area under curve","level":3,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019813237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65089264","display_name":"Model validation","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019894029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Overall survival","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596394214","display_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","issn_l":"2234-943X","issn":["2234-943X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1966935/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596394214","display_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","issn_l":"2234-943X","issn":["2234-943X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225648802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225648802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161043223","https://openalex.org/W2259982983","https://openalex.org/W2742681205","https://openalex.org/W2956228567","https://openalex.org/W2965427172","https://openalex.org/W2967444033","https://openalex.org/W3018295606","https://openalex.org/W3041891326","https://openalex.org/W3043535018","https://openalex.org/W3104135675","https://openalex.org/W3118937854","https://openalex.org/W4211017340","https://openalex.org/W4238162912","https://openalex.org/W4288809219","https://openalex.org/W4385647770","https://openalex.org/W4388536984","https://openalex.org/W4389082473","https://openalex.org/W4403330444","https://openalex.org/W4408875903","https://openalex.org/W4414705991","https://openalex.org/W4415529010","https://openalex.org/W4416608486","https://openalex.org/W7201963344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125883138","https://openalex.org/W4410554197","https://openalex.org/W7201963344","https://openalex.org/W7162664347","https://openalex.org/W7167678223","https://openalex.org/W7220435411","https://openalex.org/W4408620788","https://openalex.org/W4402350692","https://openalex.org/W3088679185","https://openalex.org/W4389545702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Accurate":[1],"prognostic":[2,36,306],"stratification":[3,291],"remains":[4,40],"challenging":[5],"in":[6,38,148,155,164,233,308],"locally":[7],"advanced":[8],"nasopharyngeal":[9],"carcinoma":[10],"(LA-NPC),":[11],"as":[12],"conventional":[13,300],"clinicopathological":[14,301],"factors":[15],"provide":[16,287],"limited":[17],"precision":[18,309],"for":[19,109,196,292],"individualized":[20,305],"risk":[21,251,258,290],"assessment.":[22],"Although":[23],"hematoxylin":[24],"and":[25,47,69,88,104,131,160,188,215,230,236,241,286,303],"eosin":[26],"(H&E)-stained":[27],"whole-slide":[28],"images":[29],"(WSIs)":[30],"contain":[31],"abundant":[32],"morphological":[33],"information,":[34],"their":[35],"potential":[37],"LA-NPC":[39,53],"underexplored":[41],"using":[42,84,116],"computational":[43],"pathology":[44],"approaches.":[45],"Material":[46],"methods":[48],"Patients":[49],"with":[50,95,294],"stage":[51],"III\u2013IVA":[52],"from":[54,282],"three":[55],"Chinese":[56],"tertiary":[57],"centers":[58],"were":[59,143],"allocated":[60],"into":[61,228],"a":[62,189,216],"training":[63,150],"cohort,":[64,68,151,159,174,204],"an":[65,70,181,208,256],"internal":[66,157,172],"validation":[67,158,173],"independent":[71,166],"external":[72,167,202],"test":[73,168,203],"cohort.":[74,169],"A":[75,135,270],"CLAM-inspired":[76,176,273],"attention-based":[77],"multiple-instance":[78],"learning":[79],"(MIL)":[80],"model":[81,92,179,206,224],"was":[82,93,114,253],"developed":[83],"pretreatment":[85],"H&E-stained":[86,284],"WSIs":[87,142,147,154,163,285],"externally":[89,288],"validated.":[90],"The":[91,223,250],"compared":[94],"four":[96,246],"alternative":[97],"MIL":[98,178,248,275],"architectures":[99],"incorporating":[100],"different":[101],"feature":[102],"extractors":[103],"pooling":[105],"strategies.":[106],"Prognostic":[107],"performance":[108],"3-year":[110,198],"progression-free":[111],"survival":[112],"(PFS)":[113],"evaluated":[115],"time-dependent":[117],"receiver":[118],"operating":[119],"characteristic":[120],"analysis,":[121,127,130],"the":[122,149,156,165,171,175,201,205,245],"concordance":[123],"index":[124],"(C-index),":[125],"Kaplan\u2013Meier":[126],"decision":[128],"curve":[129],"Cox":[132],"regression.":[133],"Results":[134],"total":[136],"of":[137,183,191,210,218,259],"253":[138],"patients":[139,227,293],"contributing":[140],"265":[141],"included:":[144],"149":[145],"patients/160":[146],"52":[152,161],"patients/53":[153],"patients/52":[162],"In":[170,200],"Attention":[177,274],"yielded":[180],"AUC":[182,209,240],"0.883":[184],"(95%":[185,193,212,220],"CI,":[186,194,213,221,264],"0.762\u20130.969)":[187],"C-index":[190,217,242],"0.802":[192],"0.705\u20130.884)":[195],"predicting":[197],"PFS.":[199],"achieved":[207],"0.721":[211],"0.573\u20130.849)":[214],"0.710":[219],"0.591\u20130.819).":[222],"significantly":[225],"stratified":[226],"high-":[229],"low-risk":[231],"groups":[232],"both":[234],"cohorts":[235],"showed":[237],"numerically":[238],"higher":[239],"estimates":[243],"than":[244],"comparative":[247],"architectures.":[249],"score":[252],"linked":[254],"to":[255],"elevated":[257],"progression":[260],"(HR,":[261],"1.30;":[262],"95%":[263],"1.06-1.60;":[265],"P":[266],"=":[267],"0.0126).":[268],"Conclusions":[269],"weakly":[271],"supervised":[272],"framework":[276],"can":[277],"extract":[278],"prognostically":[279],"relevant":[280],"information":[281],"routine":[283],"validated":[289],"LA-NPC.":[295],"This":[296],"approach":[297],"may":[298],"complement":[299],"assessment":[302],"facilitate":[304],"evaluation":[307],"oncology.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}