{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225648686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","title":"Explaining Professional Expertise in Strength and Conditioning: An IUSCA Position Statement on the International Qualification Framework (IQF) Level Descriptors","display_name":"Explaining Professional Expertise in Strength and Conditioning: An IUSCA Position Statement on the International Qualification Framework (IQF) Level Descriptors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225648686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","pdf_url":"https://journal.iusca.org/index.php/Journal/article/download/869/577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228801","display_name":"International Journal of Strength and Conditioning","issn_l":"2634-2235","issn":["2634-2235"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Strength and Conditioning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.iusca.org/index.php/Journal/article/download/869/577","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009511102","display_name":"Andrew Langford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6305","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5099-0378"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Langford","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022068562","display_name":"Alex Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-2841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-2841"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberating Brilliance Ltd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-2841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberating Brilliance Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081702211","display_name":"Aden Flannagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-5086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-5086"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aden Flannagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-5086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014951553","display_name":"Stephen P. Bird","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-3829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-3829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Bird","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-3829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024120939","display_name":"Paul Comfort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-8626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-8626","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-6235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Comfort","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edith Cowan University","University of Salford"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-8626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edith Cowan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001109548","display_name":"Timothy J. Suchomel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-5518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-5518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Suchomel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-5518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026391780","display_name":"Paulo Henrique Marchetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-936X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-936X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157638225","display_name":"California State University, Northridge","ror":"https://ror.org/005f5hv41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157638225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Marchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Northridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Northridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157638225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161335389","display_name":"Timothy Piper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Piper","raw_affiliation_strings":["McDonough District Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McDonough District Hospital","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143493500","display_name":"George Greene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8462-283X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8462-283X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841742","display_name":"University of Massachusetts System","ror":"https://ror.org/0260j1g46","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841742"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Greene","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Athletics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8462-283X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Athletics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161351740","display_name":"Stephanie Mock Grubbs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Mock Grubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Houston Astros"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Houston Astros","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001609631","display_name":"Christopher B. Taber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-311X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-311X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130186095","display_name":"Sacred Heart University","ror":"https://ror.org/0085j8z36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130186095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Taber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sacred Heart University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-311X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sacred Heart University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130186095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040441767","display_name":"Robert Alejo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Alejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Army Holistic Health and Fitness"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Army Holistic Health and Fitness","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090797106","display_name":"Shaun A. Joffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-6278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-6278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216071944","display_name":"St Mary's University Twickenham London","ror":"https://ror.org/0067fqk38","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216071944"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaun Joffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["St Mary's University Twickenham London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St Mary's University Twickenham London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216071944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108498696","display_name":"Matthew Hancock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5560-7451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5560-7451"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Hancock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shapesmith Performance"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5560-7451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shapesmith Performance","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002792642","display_name":"Peter McKnight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-1480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-1480"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter McKnight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sn\u00f6 Performance"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-1480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sn\u00f6 Performance","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038215384","display_name":"Richard C. Blagrove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-8073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-8073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Blagrove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-8073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039045925","display_name":"Ishan Rawlley-Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-4584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-4584"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishan Rawlley-Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elite Sport"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elite Sport","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063771545","display_name":"Daniel Howells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6502-7457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6502-7457"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Howells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborate Sports"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6502-7457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborate Sports","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010399105","display_name":"Benjamin Drury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-3136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-3136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111655","display_name":"Hartpury University","ror":"https://ror.org/020jfw620","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277","https://openalex.org/I4210111655"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Drury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hartpury University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-3136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hartpury University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111655"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13359","display_name":"Sports Science and Education","score":0.5303000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13359","display_name":"Sports Science and Education","score":0.5303000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.22360000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14407","display_name":"Athletic Training and Education","score":0.07209999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strength-and-conditioning","display_name":"strength and conditioning","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-expertise","display_name":"professional expertise","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-descriptors","display_name":"level descriptors","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-judgment","display_name":"professional judgment","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-autonomy","display_name":"professional autonomy","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-rationalism","display_name":"critical rationalism","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-standards","display_name":"professional standards","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"certification","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-governance","display_name":"professional governance","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-practice","display_name":"evidence-based practice","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-science","display_name":"open science","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.6535000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6026999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994133304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46834","display_name":"Position statement","level":2,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186528591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619544","display_name":"Body of knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134215751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829080","display_name":"Professional association","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","pdf_url":"https://journal.iusca.org/index.php/Journal/article/download/869/577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228801","display_name":"International Journal of Strength and Conditioning","issn_l":"2634-2235","issn":["2634-2235"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Strength and Conditioning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v6i1.869","pdf_url":"https://journal.iusca.org/index.php/Journal/article/download/869/577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228801","display_name":"International Journal of Strength and Conditioning","issn_l":"2634-2235","issn":["2634-2235"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Strength and Conditioning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225648686.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225648686.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1767470961","https://openalex.org/W1968368212","https://openalex.org/W1977710124","https://openalex.org/W1992734500","https://openalex.org/W2063029295","https://openalex.org/W2085915128","https://openalex.org/W2086061329","https://openalex.org/W2105180932","https://openalex.org/W2126683099","https://openalex.org/W2140543255","https://openalex.org/W2318110078","https://openalex.org/W2570760970","https://openalex.org/W3001698964","https://openalex.org/W3137718996","https://openalex.org/W3153844212","https://openalex.org/W3180259497","https://openalex.org/W3196800810","https://openalex.org/W4378416984","https://openalex.org/W4393004261","https://openalex.org/W4396854438","https://openalex.org/W4399296575","https://openalex.org/W4402080789","https://openalex.org/W4404791747","https://openalex.org/W4410983544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396854438","https://openalex.org/W4410983544","https://openalex.org/W3209704870","https://openalex.org/W3001698964","https://openalex.org/W3022288259","https://openalex.org/W2224442708","https://openalex.org/W2037348802","https://openalex.org/W1958194165","https://openalex.org/W1979935513","https://openalex.org/W2031844887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,87,115,139,159,195,217],"International":[1],"Qualification":[2],"Framework":[3],"(IQF)":[4],"was":[5,117,129],"introduced":[6],"to":[7,119,153,191,242],"provide":[8],"a":[9,52,92,102,133],"standardised":[10],"and":[11,19,24,46,54,79,83,101,113,121,128,150,156,193,212,236,240],"internationally":[12],"relevant":[13],"structure":[14],"for":[15,200],"aligning":[16],"certifications,":[17],"qualifications,":[18],"professional":[20,40,126,187,210],"standards":[21],"within":[22],"strength":[23],"conditioning":[25],"(S&C).":[26],"This":[27],"position":[28,160,229],"statement":[29,161],"further":[30],"defines":[31],"the":[32,80,108,123,184,213,226],"eight":[33],"IQF":[34],"levels":[35],"through":[36,74,91,147],"explicit":[37],"descriptors":[38,88,110,124,140,218],"of":[39,85,166,215],"reasoning,":[41],"judgement,":[42],"autonomy,":[43],"complexity":[44],"management,":[45],"error":[47],"correction.":[48],"framework":[50,197],"adopts":[51],"realist":[53],"critical":[55],"rationalist":[56],"institutional":[57,228],"position.":[58],"S&C":[59],"practice":[60],"is":[61],"understood":[62],"as":[63,132,169,221,232],"explanatory":[64],"problem-solving":[65],"directed":[66],"at":[67],"real":[68],"physical":[69],"systems,":[70],"with":[71],"progress":[72],"occurring":[73],"conjecture,":[75],"empirical":[76],"scrutiny,":[77],"criticism,":[78],"continual":[81],"identification":[82],"correction":[84],"error.":[86],"were":[89,111],"developed":[90],"two-stage":[93],"expert":[94],"consultation":[95,116],"comprising":[96],"an":[97,164],"exploratory":[98],"first":[99],"stage":[100],"wider":[103],"second-stage":[104],"review":[105],"in":[106,125],"which":[107],"draft":[109],"refined":[112],"pressure-tested.":[114],"intended":[118],"ground":[120],"scrutinise":[122],"experience":[127],"not":[130,177],"designed":[131],"formal":[134],"consensus":[135],"or":[136,247],"psychometric":[137],"exercise.":[138],"describe":[141],"progression":[142],"from":[143,225],"externally":[144],"guided":[145],"rule-following,":[146],"increasingly":[148],"conditional":[149],"principle-based":[151],"practice,":[152,207],"scientific,":[154],"system-level,":[155],"field-shaping":[157],"judgement.":[158],"also":[162],"develops":[163],"account":[165],"practitioner":[167],"expertise":[168],"physically":[170],"instantiated":[171],"knowledge,":[172],"including":[173],"knowledge":[174],"that":[175,186],"may":[176],"yet":[178],"be":[179],"fully":[180],"articulated,":[181],"while":[182],"retaining":[183],"requirement":[185],"judgement":[188],"remains":[189],"open":[190,208,241],"scrutiny":[192],"improvement.":[194],"resulting":[196],"has":[198],"implications":[199],"education,":[201],"certification,":[202],"assessment,":[203],"employment,":[204],"research,":[205],"evidence-based":[206],"science,":[209],"governance,":[211],"role":[214],"universities.":[216],"are":[219],"presented":[220],"theoretically":[222],"derived":[223],"conclusions":[224],"IUSCA\u2019s":[227],"rather":[230],"than":[231],"empirically":[233],"discovered":[234],"categories,":[235],"remain":[237],"provisional,":[238],"criticisable,":[239],"revision":[243],"where":[244],"better":[245],"explanations":[246],"identified":[248],"problems":[249],"warrant":[250],"change.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
