{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225646758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","title":"Experimental outdoor evaluation of adaptive radiative cooling and a dew-relocating shutter for renewable-energy photovoltaic systems","display_name":"Experimental outdoor evaluation of adaptive radiative cooling and a dew-relocating shutter for renewable-energy photovoltaic systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225646758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764363796","display_name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","issn_l":"2214-157X","issn":["2214-157X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005328296","display_name":"Mohammed A. Alghassab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-689X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-689X","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2926-088X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206935292","display_name":"Shaqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hawb687","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alghassab","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Electrical Department, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Electrical Department, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005328296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"],"apc_list":{"value":1620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1620},"apc_paid":{"value":1620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1620},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":null,"first_page":"108694","last_page":"108694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.0908999964594841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12838","display_name":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-cooling","display_name":"radiative cooling","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-soiling","display_name":"photovoltaic soiling","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dew-formation","display_name":"dew formation","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polydimethylsiloxane-films","display_name":"polydimethylsiloxane films","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-window-emissivity","display_name":"atmospheric window emissivity","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/module-temperature","display_name":"module temperature","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soiling-mitigation","display_name":"soiling mitigation","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-dry-climate","display_name":"hot arid climate","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-yield","display_name":"energy yield","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776871301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691823","display_name":"Shutter","level":2,"score":0.8360999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6992999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15908118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997395","display_name":"Radiative cooling","level":2,"score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64900583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41097","display_name":"Dew","level":3,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4666000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150493377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427863","display_name":"Transmittance","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200093464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166583","display_name":"Condensation","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36365805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194411","display_name":"Illuminance","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173991790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896787","display_name":"Evaporative cooler","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82210777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828","display_name":"Dew point","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79795727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3068508","display_name":"Passive cooling","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764363796","display_name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","issn_l":"2214-157X","issn":["2214-157X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764363796","display_name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","issn_l":"2214-157X","issn":["2214-157X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158981569","https://openalex.org/W3161093719","https://openalex.org/W4220968528","https://openalex.org/W4223489442","https://openalex.org/W4307959147","https://openalex.org/W4327718554","https://openalex.org/W4383820542","https://openalex.org/W4391095648","https://openalex.org/W4393852149","https://openalex.org/W4393862843","https://openalex.org/W4394701225","https://openalex.org/W4399998300","https://openalex.org/W4402900039","https://openalex.org/W4405079576","https://openalex.org/W4409554834","https://openalex.org/W4410383443","https://openalex.org/W4412707375","https://openalex.org/W4413407984","https://openalex.org/W4414111706","https://openalex.org/W4414125849","https://openalex.org/W4416958291","https://openalex.org/W7117106765","https://openalex.org/W7148631816","https://openalex.org/W7163065209","https://openalex.org/W7164135954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393852149","https://openalex.org/W4362700716","https://openalex.org/W4411991955","https://openalex.org/W3010925682","https://openalex.org/W4289544267","https://openalex.org/W7126047330","https://openalex.org/W7133335772","https://openalex.org/W3047300586","https://openalex.org/W2912315559","https://openalex.org/W4381890639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Daytime":[0],"radiative":[1,220],"cooling":[2,104,221],"can":[3,226],"reduce":[4],"photovoltaic":[5],"(PV)":[6],"operating":[7],"temperatures":[8],"but":[9],"may":[10],"intensify":[11],"nocturnal":[12],"overcooling,":[13],"dew":[14,148],"formation,":[15],"and":[16,65,78,128,147,171,230],"dust":[17],"adhesion.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"experimentally":[21],"evaluated":[22],"a":[23,51,73,85,120,123,129,178,185,211],"transparent":[24],"polydimethylsiloxane":[25],"(PDMS)":[26],"radiative-cooling":[27],"film":[28,71],"integrated":[29,66],"with":[30,84,169,192,222],"an":[31,79],"adaptive":[32,223],"low-emissivity":[33],"shutter":[34,117,159],"under":[35,112,236],"hot-arid":[36],"outdoor":[37],"conditions":[38],"in":[39],"Najran,":[40],"Saudi":[41],"Arabia.":[42],"Eight":[43],"100-W":[44],"monocrystalline":[45],"PERC":[46],"modules":[47],"were":[48],"investigated":[49],"using":[50],"replicated":[52],"2":[53,55],"\u00d7":[54],"factorial":[56],"design":[57],"comprising":[58],"bare":[59],"(PV-B),":[60],"film-only":[61],"(PV-RC),":[62],"shutter-only":[63],"(PV-AS),":[64],"(PV-AD)":[67],"configurations.":[68],"The":[69,115],"PDMS":[70],"exhibited":[72],"solar-weighted":[74],"transmittance":[75],"of":[76,82,189],"0.914":[77],"atmospheric-window":[80],"emissivity":[81],"0.918,":[83],"2.09%":[86],"optical":[87,110],"power":[88],"penalty.":[89],"Film":[90],"presence":[91],"reduced":[92,136],"the":[93,102,156,197,237],"adjusted":[94],"peak-period":[95],"front-glass":[96],"temperature":[97],"by":[98,141,145,150],"4.24":[99],"\u00b0C,":[100],"although":[101],"associated":[103],"gain":[105],"did":[106],"not":[107],"fully":[108],"offset":[109],"attenuation":[111],"clean":[113],"conditions.":[114,240],"optimized":[116],"configuration":[118],"employed":[119],"30-mm":[121],"gap,":[122],"1.55":[124],"\u00b0C":[125,131],"activation":[126],"threshold,":[127],"1.08":[130],"hysteresis":[132],"width.":[133],"Adaptive":[134],"shielding":[135,225],"PV-surface":[137],"Dew":[138],"Exposure":[139],"Index":[140],"74.9%,":[142],"wetness":[143],"duration":[144],"75.7%,":[146],"mass":[149],"83.8%,":[151],"primarily":[152],"relocating":[153],"condensation":[154],"to":[155,207],"externally":[157],"drained":[158],"surface.":[160],"Shutter":[161],"actuation":[162],"required":[163],"0.40":[164],"Wh":[165],"night":[166],"\u22121":[167],",":[168],"controller":[170],"sensor":[172],"consumption":[173],"accounted":[174],"for":[175,194],"separately.":[176],"Despite":[177],"0.33%":[179],"clean-condition":[180],"net-energy":[181],"deficit,":[182],"PV-AD":[183],"achieved":[184],"day-45":[186],"soiling":[187,229],"ratio":[188],"0.955":[190],"compared":[191],"0.896":[193],"PV-B.":[195],"Over":[196],"45-day":[198],"natural-soiling":[199],"period,":[200],"cumulative":[201],"net":[202],"energy":[203,234],"increased":[204],"from":[205],"21.00":[206],"21.59":[208],"kWh,":[209],"representing":[210],"2.81%":[212],"improvement.":[213],"These":[214],"findings":[215],"demonstrate":[216],"that":[217],"combining":[218],"daytime":[219],"nighttime":[224],"mitigate":[227],"dew-assisted":[228],"improve":[231],"multi-week":[232],"PV":[233],"yield":[235],"tested":[238],"environmental":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
