{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225645715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","title":"Truffle Extract Attenuates TGF-\u03b21-Induced Fibrosis-Associated Responses in HFL-1 Cells and Is Associated with Changes in Smad and MAPK Signaling","display_name":"Truffle Extract Attenuates TGF-\u03b21-Induced Fibrosis-Associated Responses in HFL-1 Cells and Is Associated with Changes in Smad and MAPK Signaling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225645715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms272110030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058389581","display_name":"Te-Kai Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Te-Kai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctor Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctor Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038328612","display_name":"Jyun\u2010Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-1817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-1817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyun-Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7585-1817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161359552","display_name":"Yu-Wen Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Wen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctor Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctor Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161336208","display_name":"Jing-Wen Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Wen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112481764","display_name":"Yi-Ying Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-8938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-8938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ying Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015876938","display_name":"Muhammad Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-0370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-0370","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-1398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-0370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000983085","display_name":"Hung\u2010Jen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-1494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-1494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hung-Jen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","Doctor Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-1494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctor Program in Biotechnology Industrial Management and Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000983085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"21","first_page":"10030","last_page":"10030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11962","display_name":"Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifibrotic-activity","display_name":"antifibrotic activity","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tgf-beta1","display_name":"TGF-\u03b21","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblast-activation","display_name":"fibroblast activation","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad-signaling","display_name":"Smad signaling","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-signaling","display_name":"MAPK signaling","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ras-mek-erk-pathway","display_name":"Ras/MEK/ERK pathway","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hfl-1-cells","display_name":"HFL-1 cells","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-smooth-muscle-actin","display_name":"alpha-smooth muscle actin","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibronectin","display_name":"fibronectin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad2-3-phosphorylation","display_name":"Smad2/3 phosphorylation","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mek1-2-phosphorylation","display_name":"MEK1/2 phosphorylation","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk1-2","display_name":"ERK1/2","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-oxidation","display_name":"intracellular oxidation","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781080636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q700000","display_name":"SMAD","level":3,"score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6432999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57074206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14197552","display_name":"MAPK/ERK pathway","level":3,"score":0.6309000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780381497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463418","display_name":"Fibroblast","level":3,"score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.5864999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.5748999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189165786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825","display_name":"Extracellular matrix","level":2,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150555746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210973","display_name":"Cell signaling","level":3,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51551487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043632","display_name":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases","level":4,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709","display_name":"Fibrosis","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75217442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423650","display_name":"Protein kinase B","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88498014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14859918","display_name":"Hedgehog signaling pathway","level":3,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86554907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285613","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11960822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242736","display_name":"Phosphorylation","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms272110030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms272110030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms272110030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543068333","https://openalex.org/W1611854178","https://openalex.org/W1837139339","https://openalex.org/W1983937216","https://openalex.org/W1997684038","https://openalex.org/W2030366802","https://openalex.org/W2099267053","https://openalex.org/W2101472412","https://openalex.org/W2114918609","https://openalex.org/W2119624946","https://openalex.org/W2155522101","https://openalex.org/W2169560003","https://openalex.org/W2201900267","https://openalex.org/W2250689500","https://openalex.org/W2322580831","https://openalex.org/W2342679639","https://openalex.org/W2398664613","https://openalex.org/W2465367340","https://openalex.org/W2529750106","https://openalex.org/W2547102964","https://openalex.org/W2600369972","https://openalex.org/W2605013161","https://openalex.org/W2799986334","https://openalex.org/W2808033074","https://openalex.org/W2895385641","https://openalex.org/W2917714624","https://openalex.org/W2976333941","https://openalex.org/W3031117425","https://openalex.org/W3036830380","https://openalex.org/W3088094728","https://openalex.org/W3088968272","https://openalex.org/W3109793392","https://openalex.org/W3119952098","https://openalex.org/W3138109630","https://openalex.org/W3153238101","https://openalex.org/W3158848342","https://openalex.org/W3186938487","https://openalex.org/W3216591159","https://openalex.org/W4207014493","https://openalex.org/W4210778818","https://openalex.org/W4292714670","https://openalex.org/W4294754062","https://openalex.org/W4321242142","https://openalex.org/W4327811820","https://openalex.org/W4360595418","https://openalex.org/W4386536469","https://openalex.org/W4408541249","https://openalex.org/W4411176576","https://openalex.org/W4415988577","https://openalex.org/W7053203154","https://openalex.org/W7147312767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990188322","https://openalex.org/W2047504869","https://openalex.org/W2368391411","https://openalex.org/W4315650796","https://openalex.org/W2066468965","https://openalex.org/W2154619356","https://openalex.org/W2881438881","https://openalex.org/W2038647140","https://openalex.org/W7048028984","https://openalex.org/W2150624183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cellular":[0],"fibrosis":[1,275],"is":[2,11],"a":[3,47,94,142,155,256],"key":[4],"pathological":[5],"feature":[6],"of":[7,61,68,105,123,223,234,245,255],"chronic":[8],"disease":[9],"and":[10,17,35,43,63,65,76,91,125,173,197,204,231,267,272],"characterized":[12,31],"by":[13,32,146],"persistent":[14],"fibroblast":[15,50,271],"activation":[16,102],"excessive":[18],"extracellular":[19],"matrix":[20],"deposition.":[21],"In":[22,159],"this":[23],"study,":[24],"an":[25],"aqueous":[26,190],"truffle":[27],"extract":[28],"(TE)":[29],"was":[30,44],"untargeted":[33],"LC-ESI(+)-MS/MS":[34],"LC-ESI(\u2212)-MS/MS":[36],"profiling":[37,181],"that":[38,136,210,241],"yielded":[39],"putative":[40,198],"LC-MS/MS":[41,180,199],"annotations,":[42],"evaluated":[45],"in":[46,111,120,216,219,269,273],"TGF-\u03b21-induced":[48,54,213],"HFL-1":[49,217],"model.":[51],"TE":[52,83,124,133,138,172,211,246],"attenuated":[53],"Smad2":[55],"phosphorylation,":[56,81],"Smad2/3-Smad4":[57],"association,":[58],"nuclear":[59],"accumulation":[60],"Smad2/3":[62],"Smad4,":[64],"the":[66,69,106,121,128,137,160,178,188,193,242],"expression":[67,90,119],"fibrosis-associated":[70,117,214],"proteins":[71],"\u03b1-smooth":[72],"muscle":[73],"actin":[74],"(\u03b1-SMA)":[75],"fibronectin.":[77],"TGF-\u03b21":[78,163,170,174],"increased":[79,85,164],"MEK1/2":[80],"whereas":[82,168],"further":[84,126,263],"p-MEK1/2":[86],"while":[87,192],"decreasing":[88],"Ras":[89],"p-ERK1/2,":[92],"revealing":[93],"divergent,":[95],"context-dependent":[96,232],"MAPK":[97],"response":[98,139],"rather":[99,252],"than":[100,253],"uniform":[101],"or":[103,114,154],"inhibition":[104],"Ras/MEK/ERK":[107],"pathway.":[108],"shRNA-mediated":[109],"reduction":[110],"TGF-\u03b21,":[112],"MEK1/2,":[113],"ERK1/2":[115],"altered":[116],"protein":[118],"absence":[122],"modified":[127],"protein-expression":[129],"patterns":[130],"observed":[131],"after":[132],"treatment,":[134],"indicating":[135],"occurred":[140],"within":[141],"signaling":[143,157,258],"context":[144,186],"influenced":[145],"these":[147,207],"components":[148],"without":[149],"establishing":[150],"strict":[151],"pathway":[152],"dependence":[153],"linear":[156],"hierarchy.":[158],"DCFH-DA":[161],"assay,":[162],"intracellular":[165,228],"oxidation-dependent":[166],"fluorescence,":[167],"both":[169],"plus":[171,175],"N-acetyl-L-cysteine":[176],"reduced":[177,227],"signal.":[179],"additionally":[182],"provided":[183],"exploratory":[184,203],"compositional":[185],"for":[187],"tested":[189],"preparation,":[191],"database":[194],"best":[195],"matches":[196],"annotation":[200],"names":[201],"remain":[202],"unconfirmed.":[205],"Collectively,":[206],"findings":[208],"show":[209],"attenuates":[212],"responses":[215],"cells":[218],"association":[220],"with":[221],"suppression":[222],"canonical":[224],"Smad":[225],"signaling,":[226],"oxidative":[229],"activity,":[230],"remodeling":[233],"MAPK-network":[235],"readouts.":[236],"These":[237],"coordinated":[238],"changes":[239],"suggest":[240],"antifibrotic-associated":[243],"activity":[244],"involves":[247],"multiple":[248],"interconnected":[249],"cellular":[250],"processes":[251],"modulation":[254],"single":[257],"component.":[259],"The":[260],"results":[261],"support":[262],"activity-guided":[264],"chemical":[265],"characterization":[266],"validation":[268],"additional":[270],"vivo":[274],"models.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
