{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225645175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","title":"From Fragmented Adoption to Systematic Transformation: Curriculum Analysis and an Institutional Roadmap for AI Convergence Education at a Korean University","display_name":"From Fragmented Adoption to Systematic Transformation: Curriculum Analysis and an Institutional Roadmap for AI Convergence Education at a Korean University","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225645175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/educsci16111913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738008561","display_name":"Education Sciences","issn_l":"2227-7102","issn":["2227-7102"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152487148","display_name":"Gayoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7180-2897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7180-2897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35919505","display_name":"Baekseok University","ror":"https://ror.org/045qyjz25","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gayoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Special Education, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7180-2897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Special Education, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101523536","display_name":"Jung\u2010Eun Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-9745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-9745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35919505","display_name":"Baekseok University","ror":"https://ror.org/045qyjz25","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Eun Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-9745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152490411","display_name":"Yedana Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35919505","display_name":"Baekseok University","ror":"https://ror.org/045qyjz25","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yedana Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Special Education, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Special Education, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5152490411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35919505"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1913","last_page":"1913"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.7045999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.7045999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.08609999716281891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12408","display_name":"Digital Transformation of Higher Education","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-change","display_name":"curriculum change","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-integration-in-higher-education","display_name":"AI integration in higher education","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-universities","display_name":"private universities","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competency-model","display_name":"competency model","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-education-policy","display_name":"AI education policy","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-management","display_name":"quality management","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-korea","display_name":"South Korea","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779011557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911265","display_name":"Curriculum development","level":3,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145129785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195145","display_name":"Curriculum theory","level":4,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143266803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195143","display_name":"Curriculum mapping","level":4,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8795937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829","display_name":"Discipline","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37413474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189329","display_name":"Liberal arts education","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15302153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470863","display_name":"Employability","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185020186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370761","display_name":"Emergent curriculum","level":5,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/educsci16111913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738008561","display_name":"Education Sciences","issn_l":"2227-7102","issn":["2227-7102"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/educsci16111913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16111913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738008561","display_name":"Education Sciences","issn_l":"2227-7102","issn":["2227-7102"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974052121","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2920901420","https://openalex.org/W2947399006","https://openalex.org/W2954017678","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W4307127952","https://openalex.org/W4307888124","https://openalex.org/W4324046518","https://openalex.org/W4361204578","https://openalex.org/W4366783381","https://openalex.org/W4383312437","https://openalex.org/W4386285839","https://openalex.org/W4390718435","https://openalex.org/W4391006361","https://openalex.org/W4393990947","https://openalex.org/W4394575157","https://openalex.org/W4396707866","https://openalex.org/W4402424645","https://openalex.org/W4406571986","https://openalex.org/W4416912328","https://openalex.org/W4417328734","https://openalex.org/W7134259740","https://openalex.org/W7157998906","https://openalex.org/W7160633453","https://openalex.org/W7164886986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169504664","https://openalex.org/W4417454766","https://openalex.org/W7160874283","https://openalex.org/W4405884974","https://openalex.org/W4416019675","https://openalex.org/W7153787219","https://openalex.org/W7222939006","https://openalex.org/W7164709615","https://openalex.org/W7225264398","https://openalex.org/W7214628514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Higher":[0],"education":[1,77,208],"institutions":[2,22],"are":[3],"under":[4],"mounting":[5],"pressure":[6],"to":[7,13,26,181,288],"transform":[8],"their":[9],"curricula":[10,48,93],"in":[11,40,147,173],"response":[12],"artificial":[14],"intelligence":[15],"(AI),":[16],"yet":[17],"many":[18],"universities\u2014particularly":[19],"teaching-focused":[20],"private":[21,38],"facing":[23],"demographic":[24],"decline\u2014struggle":[25],"move":[27],"beyond":[28],"fragmented,":[29],"course-level":[30],"adoption.":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33,69,225,274],"examines":[34],"how":[35],"a":[36,64,86,105,111,124,239,248,276],"mid-sized":[37],"university":[39,84],"South":[41],"Korea":[42],"diagnosed":[43],"and":[44,60,79,82,117,120,171,216,247,266,279],"redesigned":[45],"its":[46],"major":[47,92],"for":[49,139,159],"AI":[50,76,160,206,235],"convergence":[51,207],"education,":[52],"framing":[53],"this":[54],"transformation":[55,259,292],"as":[56,156,166],"an":[57,132],"institutional":[58,214,250],"survival":[59],"quality":[61,261],"strategy":[62],"amid":[63],"shrinking":[65],"college-age":[66],"population.":[67],"The":[68,128,273],"combined":[70],"four":[71],"methods:":[72],"analysis":[73,130],"of":[74,80,89,108,114,123,142,149,175,200],"national":[75],"policies":[78],"domestic":[81],"international":[83],"cases;":[85],"complete":[87],"census":[88],"all":[90],"undergraduate":[91],"(67":[94],"program":[95,118,202],"units;":[96],"1646":[97],"courses":[98,137,146,153,191],"across":[99],"the":[100,143,224,227],"55":[101,150],"non-AI-specialist":[102],"majors)":[103],"using":[104],"four-type":[106],"typology":[107,278],"AI-linkable":[109],"courses;":[110],"needs":[112],"survey":[113],"department":[115],"heads":[116],"chairs;":[119],"rapid":[121],"prototyping":[122],"staged":[125],"curriculum":[126,129,144,182,241],"framework.":[127],"indicated":[131],"articulation":[133],"gap:":[134],"explicitly":[135],"AI-articulated":[136],"accounted":[138],"only":[140],"1.5%":[141],"(25":[145],"13":[148],"majors),":[151],"whereas":[152],"provisionally":[154],"identified":[155],"plausible":[157],"candidates":[158],"integration":[161],"were":[162,178,264],"nearly":[163],"eight":[164],"times":[165],"numerous":[167],"(193":[168],"courses,":[169],"11.7%)":[170],"present":[172],"84%":[174],"majors,":[176],"but":[177],"not":[179],"connected":[180],"documentation,":[183],"learning":[184,218],"outcomes,":[185],"or":[186],"progression":[187],"pathways;":[188],"whether":[189],"these":[190,222],"already":[192],"contain":[193],"AI-related":[194],"practice":[195],"requires":[196],"syllabus-level":[197],"verification.":[198],"Two-thirds":[199],"responding":[201],"leaders":[203],"(66.7%)":[204],"endorsed":[205],"while":[209],"prioritizing":[210],"concerns":[211],"about":[212],"infrastructure,":[213],"support,":[215],"unverified":[217],"effects.":[219],"Based":[220],"on":[221],"findings,":[223],"proposes":[226],"CROSS":[228],"AX":[229],"competency":[230],"model\u2014crossing":[231],"disciplinary":[232],"expertise":[233],"with":[234,260],"application":[236],"capability\u2014operationalized":[237],"through":[238],"three-stage":[240],"structure":[242],"(AX-Foundation,":[243],"AX-Bridge,":[244],"AX-Field":[245],"Lab)":[246],"five-phase":[249],"roadmap":[251,280],"moving":[252],"from":[253],"shared":[254],"infrastructure":[255],"toward":[256],"full":[257],"curricular":[258,291],"management;":[262],"both":[263],"expert-reviewed":[265],"iteratively":[267],"refined":[268],"over":[269],"two":[270],"review":[271],"rounds.":[272],"offers":[275],"diagnostic":[277],"that":[281],"may":[282],"be":[283],"adapted":[284],"by":[285],"universities":[286],"seeking":[287],"institutionalize":[289],"AI-driven":[290],"rather":[293],"than":[294],"accumulate":[295],"isolated":[296],"initiatives.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}