{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225640977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","title":"Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Tuna By-Product Meal, Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal, Fermented Soybean Meal, and Their Two Combinations in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Diets: Effects on Growth, Feed Utilization, Biochemical Composition, and Economic Analysis","display_name":"Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Tuna By-Product Meal, Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal, Fermented Soybean Meal, and Their Two Combinations in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Diets: Effects on Growth, Feed Utilization, Biochemical Composition, and Economic Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225640977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ani16213538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168508","display_name":"Animals","issn_l":"2076-2615","issn":["2076-2615"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078691210","display_name":"Jabed Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-7348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-7348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jabed Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Interdisciplinary Education of Maritime and Ocean Logistics, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-7348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Interdisciplinary Education of Maritime and Ocean Logistics, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007843918","display_name":"Sung Hwoan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-5449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-5449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung Hwoan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-5449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726539","display_name":"Tae Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-5828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-5828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Production Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-5828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Production Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007843918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"3538","last_page":"3538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12336","display_name":"Insect Utilization and Effects","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-meal-replacement","display_name":"fish meal replacement","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-soldier-fly-larvae-meal","display_name":"black soldier fly larvae meal","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermented-soybean-meal","display_name":"fermented soybean meal","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olive-flounder","display_name":"Paralichthys olivaceus","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-growth","display_name":"fish growth","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-efficiency","display_name":"feed efficiency","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-efficiency-ratio","display_name":"protein efficiency ratio","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-retention","display_name":"protein retention","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-analysis","display_name":"economic analysis","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-proteins","display_name":"alternative protein sources","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-nutrition","display_name":"fish nutrition","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-chemistry","display_name":"serum biochemistry","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-composition","display_name":"amino acid composition","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-flesh-composition","display_name":"fish flesh composition","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204288101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413095","display_name":"Fish meal","level":3,"score":0.8328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7696999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776533291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322753","display_name":"Olive flounder","level":3,"score":0.7621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364900","display_name":"Soybean meal","level":3,"score":0.6134999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780532849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6146274","display_name":"Tuna","level":3,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16958541","display_name":"Protein efficiency ratio","level":4,"score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3011327","display_name":"Paralichthys","level":3,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777121799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285029","display_name":"Hermetia illucens","level":3,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86909935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989","display_name":"Aquaculture","level":3,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168857316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152559","display_name":"Commercial fish feed","level":4,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020070354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21296145","display_name":"Dietary protein","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ani16213538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168508","display_name":"Animals","issn_l":"2076-2615","issn":["2076-2615"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animals","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ani16213538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168508","display_name":"Animals","issn_l":"2076-2615","issn":["2076-2615"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5769000053405762,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327222","display_name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqyfy93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494506878","https://openalex.org/W1986736417","https://openalex.org/W1992248108","https://openalex.org/W1998894959","https://openalex.org/W1999098545","https://openalex.org/W2000173198","https://openalex.org/W2011265605","https://openalex.org/W2012357231","https://openalex.org/W2016658707","https://openalex.org/W2017784348","https://openalex.org/W2022280799","https://openalex.org/W2028366003","https://openalex.org/W2033219145","https://openalex.org/W2038223045","https://openalex.org/W2038758713","https://openalex.org/W2038840482","https://openalex.org/W2045519185","https://openalex.org/W2047429667","https://openalex.org/W2053976066","https://openalex.org/W2075557452","https://openalex.org/W2079854847","https://openalex.org/W2080171882","https://openalex.org/W2082101460","https://openalex.org/W2083299685","https://openalex.org/W2084336767","https://openalex.org/W2085099313","https://openalex.org/W2087277730","https://openalex.org/W2092963211","https://openalex.org/W2100456179","https://openalex.org/W2105816476","https://openalex.org/W2107204439","https://openalex.org/W2107933842","https://openalex.org/W2108962195","https://openalex.org/W2115629412","https://openalex.org/W2118223691","https://openalex.org/W2125439903","https://openalex.org/W2126046180","https://openalex.org/W2127854299","https://openalex.org/W2136744208","https://openalex.org/W2154075088","https://openalex.org/W2168526937","https://openalex.org/W2170507717","https://openalex.org/W2177275962","https://openalex.org/W2297301134","https://openalex.org/W2469220486","https://openalex.org/W2538266235","https://openalex.org/W2587207717","https://openalex.org/W2606816027","https://openalex.org/W2762669780","https://openalex.org/W2794434279","https://openalex.org/W2803729490","https://openalex.org/W2887480108","https://openalex.org/W2891022024","https://openalex.org/W2939187454","https://openalex.org/W2946647401","https://openalex.org/W3000192234","https://openalex.org/W3005998138","https://openalex.org/W3010690723","https://openalex.org/W3037144326","https://openalex.org/W3090547616","https://openalex.org/W3166722215","https://openalex.org/W3193648230","https://openalex.org/W3197128469","https://openalex.org/W3207856854","https://openalex.org/W3209127947","https://openalex.org/W3216911620","https://openalex.org/W4206936972","https://openalex.org/W4214934598","https://openalex.org/W4221059973","https://openalex.org/W4223911796","https://openalex.org/W4280555453","https://openalex.org/W4281653936","https://openalex.org/W4283362804","https://openalex.org/W4283764656","https://openalex.org/W4310336947","https://openalex.org/W4311438373","https://openalex.org/W4319659435","https://openalex.org/W4365138619","https://openalex.org/W4376615268","https://openalex.org/W4378527734","https://openalex.org/W4385231837","https://openalex.org/W4385949394","https://openalex.org/W4386264157","https://openalex.org/W4387358839","https://openalex.org/W4388834878","https://openalex.org/W4390582152","https://openalex.org/W4391882467","https://openalex.org/W4392031249","https://openalex.org/W4392374461","https://openalex.org/W4393119668","https://openalex.org/W4393271744","https://openalex.org/W4394580720","https://openalex.org/W4394727610","https://openalex.org/W4398196638","https://openalex.org/W4400978354","https://openalex.org/W4400981219","https://openalex.org/W4401001093","https://openalex.org/W4401589470","https://openalex.org/W4405703292","https://openalex.org/W4408975665","https://openalex.org/W4410617541","https://openalex.org/W4414333824","https://openalex.org/W7160146470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229375603","https://openalex.org/W3128587206","https://openalex.org/W4386264157","https://openalex.org/W7202265194","https://openalex.org/W4388925376","https://openalex.org/W7165107413","https://openalex.org/W2597452005","https://openalex.org/W1992979865","https://openalex.org/W2016658707","https://openalex.org/W7225376346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fish":[0],"meal":[1,43,51,55],"(FM)":[2],"remains":[3],"a":[4,120,131,317,347],"primary":[5],"protein":[6,22,112,209,230,343],"source":[7],"in":[8,61,305,346],"aquafeeds;":[9],"however,":[10],"its":[11],"high":[12],"cost":[13],"and":[14,57,68,124,128,142,178,205,248,259,291,312],"limited":[15],"availability":[16],"necessitate":[17],"the":[18,28,64,104,137,184,192,201,215,226,235,246,257,282,296,303,306,310,328,335],"exploration":[19],"of":[20,30,38,71,84,122,156,181,212,223,232,243,254,267,295,351],"alternative":[21],"sources.":[23],"This":[24],"study,":[25],"thus,":[26,332],"investigates":[27],"effects":[29],"replacing":[31],"10%":[32,110,341],"FM":[33,111,339,342],"protein,":[34],"equivalent":[35],"to":[36,135,152,162,189,316],"22.2%":[37],"FM,":[39],"with":[40,115],"tuna":[41],"by-product":[42],"(TBM),":[44],"black":[45],"soldier":[46],"fly":[47],"(Hermetia":[48],"illucens)":[49],"larvae":[50],"(BSF),":[52],"fermented":[53],"soybean":[54],"(FSB),":[56],"their":[58],"two":[59],"combinations":[60],"diets":[62,261,314],"on":[63,79,281],"growth,":[65],"feed":[66,176,179],"utilization,":[67],"biochemical":[69],"composition":[70],"olive":[72,352],"flounder":[73],"(P.":[74],"olivaceus),":[75],"as":[76,78,136],"well":[77],"economic":[80,299,320],"efficiency.":[81],"A":[82],"total":[83],"450":[85],"juveniles":[86,100],"averaging":[87],"10.3":[88],"g":[89],"were":[90,160,187],"randomly":[91,150],"distributed":[92],"into":[93],"18":[94],"300":[95],"L":[96],"flow-through":[97],"tanks":[98],"(25":[99],"per":[101],"tank).":[102],"In":[103,273],"control":[105],"(Con)":[106],"diet":[107,148,186,217,237,350],"(45%":[108],"FM-basal),":[109],"was":[113,149,218,238,262,302,334,344],"replaced":[114,345],"TBM,":[116,138],"BSF,":[117,139,202],"FSB,":[118,140,203],"or":[119,126],"combination":[121],"TBM":[123,127,185,216,236,260,307,313,333],"BSF":[125],"FSB":[129,227,247],"at":[130],"1:1":[132],"ratio,":[133],"referred":[134],"CTB,":[141,204],"CTF":[143,206,249],"diets,":[144],"respectively.":[145],"Each":[146],"experimental":[147],"allocated":[151],"three":[153],"replicate":[154],"groups":[155],"fish.":[157,297],"The":[158,170,208,229,251,298],"fish":[159,182,213,224,233,244,255,268],"hand-fed":[161],"apparent":[163],"satiation":[164],"twice":[165],"daily":[166],"for":[167,338],"12":[168],"weeks.":[169],"weight":[171],"gain,":[172],"specific":[173],"growth":[174],"rate,":[175],"consumption,":[177],"efficiency":[180,210],"fed":[183,191,200,214,225,234,245,256,269],"comparable":[188],"those":[190,199],"Con":[193,258,311],"diet,":[194,308],"but":[195],"significantly":[196,219,239,263,318],"higher":[197,220,240,264,319],"than":[198,221,241,265,323],"diets.":[207,250,272,326],"ratio":[211,301],"that":[222,242,266],"diet.":[228],"retention":[231],"condition":[252],"factor":[253],"all":[270,324],"other":[271,325],"contrast,":[274],"dietary":[275],"treatment":[276],"had":[277],"no":[278],"significant":[279],"influence":[280],"viscerosomatic":[283],"index,":[284,286],"hepatosomatic":[285],"blood":[287],"chemistry,":[288],"proximate":[289],"composition,":[290],"amino":[292],"acid":[293],"profiles":[294],"conversion":[300],"lowest":[304],"while":[309],"led":[315],"profit":[321],"index":[322],"Among":[327],"five":[329],"tested":[330],"formulations,":[331],"best-performing":[336],"substitute":[337],"when":[340],"45%":[348],"FM-basal":[349],"flounder.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
