{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225640965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","title":"Parental Knowledge, Recognition of Warning Signs, Perceived Competence and Monitoring Regarding Digital Violence Against Children: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study in the Republic of Croatia","display_name":"Parental Knowledge, Recognition of Warning Signs, Perceived Competence and Monitoring Regarding Digital Violence Against Children: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study in the Republic of Croatia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225640965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/children13111550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011660164","display_name":"Mateja Kri\u017eaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-6889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-6889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateja Kri\u017eaj Grabant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-6889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093393769","display_name":"Tina Ko\u0161anski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-227X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-227X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Ko\u0161anski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-227X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053437475","display_name":"Zoran \u017de\u017eelj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4053-0666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4053-0666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran \u017de\u017eelj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4053-0666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050944814","display_name":"Rosana Ribi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-538X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-538X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosana Ribi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065857980","display_name":"Anita Luki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-8988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-8988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148069","display_name":"Op\u0107a Bolnica Vara\u017edin","ror":"https://ror.org/056bmw021","country_code":"HR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148069"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Luki\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","General Hospital Vara\u017edin, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Hospital Vara\u017edin, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148069"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009128656","display_name":"Ivan Kre\u0161imir Luki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-5184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3530-5184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110782","display_name":"Catholic University of Croatia","ror":"https://ror.org/022991v89","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110782"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Kre\u0161imir Luki\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075151437","display_name":"Tomislav Me\u0161trovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-8149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-8149","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-3837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomislav Me\u0161trovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-8149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021054297","display_name":"Marijana Neuberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-3808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-3808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105025","display_name":"University North","ror":"https://ror.org/01afbkc02","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marijana Neuberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-3808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, University Centre Vara\u017edin, University North, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075151437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210105025"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1550","last_page":"1550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-violence","display_name":"online violence","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-monitoring","display_name":"parental supervision","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-knowledge","display_name":"parental knowledge","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-competence","display_name":"perceived competence","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-mediation","display_name":"parental mediation","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-parenting","display_name":"gender differences in parenting","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-digital-technology-use","display_name":"children's digital technology use","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/croatia","display_name":"Croatia","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-age","display_name":"parental age","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-education","display_name":"parental education","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-marital-status","display_name":"parental marital status","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-of-children","display_name":"number of children","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-sexual-abuse-prevention","display_name":"child sexual abuse prevention","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-neglect-prevention","display_name":"child neglect prevention","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-exploitation","display_name":"child exploitation","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.59170001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994071780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019180","display_name":"Warning signs","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/children13111550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/children13111550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005598996","https://openalex.org/W2045923296","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2565578188","https://openalex.org/W2624740822","https://openalex.org/W2793723047","https://openalex.org/W2987237000","https://openalex.org/W3018912761","https://openalex.org/W3128856841","https://openalex.org/W4213367331","https://openalex.org/W4256268129","https://openalex.org/W4362580783","https://openalex.org/W4391433818","https://openalex.org/W4399102476","https://openalex.org/W4403560518","https://openalex.org/W4404280327","https://openalex.org/W4404734098","https://openalex.org/W4406494104","https://openalex.org/W4409124130","https://openalex.org/W4409535371","https://openalex.org/W4410486172","https://openalex.org/W4412526413","https://openalex.org/W4414572184","https://openalex.org/W4414650535","https://openalex.org/W4416673152","https://openalex.org/W7131670397","https://openalex.org/W7138999203","https://openalex.org/W7147036198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416673152","https://openalex.org/W7220418219","https://openalex.org/W4392886044","https://openalex.org/W2737459520","https://openalex.org/W3003369641","https://openalex.org/W4206409683","https://openalex.org/W2885172826","https://openalex.org/W4313420687","https://openalex.org/W4410486172","https://openalex.org/W6968947140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Digital":[1],"technologies":[2],"are":[3],"an":[4,34],"integral":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,66,75,83,97,100,103,117,123,134,147,153,155,178,226,314,371],"children\u2019s":[8,101],"and":[9,41,48,56,95,127,167,188,196,202,223,257,311,333,404,416],"adolescents\u2019":[10],"lives;":[11],"however,":[12],"their":[13,78,88],"intensive":[14],"use":[15,102],"increases":[16],"exposure":[17],"to":[18,71,80],"various":[19],"risks,":[20],"including":[21],"digital":[22,30,76,93,104,148,163,372,398],"violence,":[23,77,94],"i.e.,":[24],"violence":[25,149,164,373],"perpetrated":[26],"or":[27],"facilitated":[28],"through":[29,44],"technologies.":[31,105],"Parents":[32],"play":[33],"important":[35],"role":[36],"in":[37,59,91,120,161,276,414],"recognizing":[38,92,162],"these":[39],"risks":[40,399],"protecting":[42],"children":[43,135,315],"appropriate":[45],"parental":[46,98,168,402],"mediation":[47,406],"monitoring.":[49],"Still,":[50],"evidence":[51],"on":[52,113,241,267,397],"parents\u2019":[53,73],"actual":[54],"knowledge":[55,74,146,242,370],"monitoring":[57,99,169,224,258,290,342,358],"practices":[58],"Croatia":[60,124],"remains":[61],"limited.":[62],"Objectives:":[63],"The":[64,140],"aim":[65],"this":[67,367],"exploratory":[68],"study":[69],"was":[70,111,286,324,374],"examine":[72],"ability":[79],"recognize":[81],"signs":[82,154],"such":[84],"experiences":[85],"among":[86],"children,":[87],"self-perceived":[89],"competence":[90,160,221,269,335,351,384],"patterns":[96],"Methods:":[106],"A":[107],"cross-sectional":[108,388],"online":[109],"survey":[110],"conducted":[112],"a":[114,230,408],"convenience":[115,368],"sample":[116],"222":[118],"parents":[119,133,298],"the":[121,179,227,274,312,353],"Republic":[122],"between":[125],"January":[126],"February":[128],"2026.":[129],"Eligible":[130],"participants":[131],"were":[132,174,184,204,213,316],"older":[136,305],"than":[137,239,304],"two":[138],"years.":[139],"purpose-developed":[141],"instrument":[142],"comprised":[143],"four":[144],"domains:":[145],"(6":[150,170],"items),":[151,158,166],"recognition":[152,218,250,278,329],"victimization":[156],"(13":[157],"perceived":[159,220,268,334,350,383],"(4":[165],"items).":[171],"Domain":[172],"scores":[173,212],"expressed":[175],"as":[176],"percentages":[177],"maximum":[180],"attainable":[181],"score.":[182],"Groups":[183],"compared":[185],"with":[186,191,206,229,289,297,320,327,341,357,379,400],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[187],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[189],"tests,":[190],"effect":[192,233],"sizes":[193],"(r,":[194],"\u03b52)":[195],"Holm":[197,282],"correction":[198],"for":[199,234],"multiple":[200],"testing,":[201],"associations":[203],"assessed":[205],"Spearman\u2019s":[207],"correlation.":[208],"Results:":[209],"Median":[210],"domain":[211],"high":[214],"(knowledge":[215],"100%,":[216],"sign":[217,249,277,328],"83%,":[219],"80%":[222],"77%":[225],"maximum),":[228],"marked":[231],"ceiling":[232],"knowledge.":[235],"Mothers":[236],"scored":[237],"higher":[238,303],"fathers":[240],"(p":[243,251,259,270,291],"=":[244,247,252,255,260,263,271,331,337,344,347,360],"0.042,":[245],"r":[246,254,262],"0.14),":[248],"0.002,":[253],"0.21)":[256],"0.014,":[261],"0.17),":[264],"but":[265,339],"not":[266,317,340,375],"0.218);":[272],"only":[273,288],"difference":[275],"remained":[279],"significant":[280],"after":[281],"correction.":[283],"Parents\u2019":[284],"age":[285],"associated":[287,319,378],"<":[292,363],"0.001,":[293],"\u03b52":[294],"\u2265":[295],"0.08),":[296],"aged":[299],"21\u201340":[300],"years":[301],"scoring":[302],"parents.":[306],"Educational":[307],"level,":[308],"marital":[309],"status":[310],"number":[313],"significantly":[318],"any":[321],"domain.":[322],"Knowledge":[323],"weakly":[325],"correlated":[326],"(\u03c1":[330,336,343,359],"0.23)":[332],"0.20),":[338],"0.13,":[345],"p":[346,362],"0.062),":[348],"whereas":[349,382],"showed":[352],"strongest,":[354],"moderate":[355],"correlation":[356],"0.53,":[361],"0.001).":[364],"Conclusions:":[365],"In":[366],"sample,":[369],"by":[376],"itself":[377],"self-reported":[380],"monitoring,":[381],"was.":[385],"These":[386],"exploratory,":[387],"findings":[389],"suggest":[390],"that":[391,410],"parent":[392],"education":[393],"might":[394],"combine":[395],"information":[396],"strengthening":[401],"self-efficacy":[403],"practical":[405],"skills,":[407],"hypothesis":[409],"should":[411],"be":[412],"tested":[413],"longitudinal":[415],"intervention":[417],"studies.":[418]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
