{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225639952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","title":"Resistant starch and diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: structure-dependent fermentation and gut-brain framework","display_name":"Resistant starch and diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: structure-dependent fermentation and gut-brain framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225639952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161304305","display_name":"Linping Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116517","display_name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ar2nf05","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126703052","display_name":"Yihan Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153274","display_name":"Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrsb51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153274","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032684426","display_name":"Shanjing Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-7873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-7873","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5145-5430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116517","display_name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ar2nf05","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanjing Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116517","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161338525","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153274","display_name":"Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrsb51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153274","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104082177","display_name":"Wenting Geng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenting Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066850105","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-3713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-3713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163399","display_name":"Shandong First Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jb9pq57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yitong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066850105","https://openalex.org/A5104082177","https://openalex.org/A5161338525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153274","https://openalex.org/I4210163399"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":0.3594000041484833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12489","display_name":"Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistant-starch","display_name":"resistant starch","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-chain-fatty-acids","display_name":"short-chain fatty acids","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiota-gut-brain-axis","display_name":"microbiota-gut-brain axis","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetate","display_name":"acetate","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propionate","display_name":"propionate","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrate","display_name":"butyrate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonic-fermentation","display_name":"colonic fermentation","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-feeding","display_name":"cross-feeding","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histone-deacetylase","display_name":"histone deacetylase","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.3149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776979534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193213","display_name":"Butyrate","level":3,"score":0.7294999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.7293999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780014933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422956","display_name":"Propionate","level":2,"score":0.6218000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.620199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776633847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574416","display_name":"Resistant starch","level":3,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781357212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275608","display_name":"Digestion (alchemy)","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019978661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut microbiome","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017650416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3281331","display_name":"Feeding behavior","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776016237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178430","display_name":"Lysine","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218870","display_name":"Prebiotic","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15151743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903778","display_name":"Metagenomics","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994476132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid oxidation","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2026.1917298/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596909297","display_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","issn_l":"2296-861X","issn":["2296-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225639952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225639952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481819869","https://openalex.org/W1515023627","https://openalex.org/W2015202736","https://openalex.org/W2044120813","https://openalex.org/W2051082976","https://openalex.org/W2065925831","https://openalex.org/W2094379365","https://openalex.org/W2099465014","https://openalex.org/W2109113634","https://openalex.org/W2110936821","https://openalex.org/W2131536322","https://openalex.org/W2144138308","https://openalex.org/W2152200355","https://openalex.org/W2167008140","https://openalex.org/W2219347374","https://openalex.org/W2228718790","https://openalex.org/W2236332835","https://openalex.org/W2256778397","https://openalex.org/W2460515486","https://openalex.org/W2463548453","https://openalex.org/W2473748820","https://openalex.org/W2480854865","https://openalex.org/W2599579733","https://openalex.org/W2765206455","https://openalex.org/W2786962139","https://openalex.org/W2789266507","https://openalex.org/W2789495752","https://openalex.org/W2794419196","https://openalex.org/W2864247162","https://openalex.org/W2884234047","https://openalex.org/W2899671349","https://openalex.org/W2914514257","https://openalex.org/W2924868976","https://openalex.org/W2946372752","https://openalex.org/W2953093188","https://openalex.org/W2961954273","https://openalex.org/W2965463361","https://openalex.org/W2966476674","https://openalex.org/W2966966909","https://openalex.org/W2968585277","https://openalex.org/W2998420978","https://openalex.org/W3002844880","https://openalex.org/W3003752356","https://openalex.org/W3003912482","https://openalex.org/W3008031857","https://openalex.org/W3009493642","https://openalex.org/W3017270981","https://openalex.org/W3024676649","https://openalex.org/W3028012765","https://openalex.org/W3028110530","https://openalex.org/W3041248404","https://openalex.org/W3090508437","https://openalex.org/W3118268812","https://openalex.org/W3136039308","https://openalex.org/W3158261369","https://openalex.org/W3184068104","https://openalex.org/W4200050093","https://openalex.org/W4206620445","https://openalex.org/W4207057747","https://openalex.org/W4210269283","https://openalex.org/W4220752206","https://openalex.org/W4281632179","https://openalex.org/W4285589601","https://openalex.org/W4286561517","https://openalex.org/W4315796652","https://openalex.org/W4321018263","https://openalex.org/W4321373004","https://openalex.org/W4360991452","https://openalex.org/W4380991902","https://openalex.org/W4381832905","https://openalex.org/W4385330162","https://openalex.org/W4386444844","https://openalex.org/W4386910568","https://openalex.org/W4387643627","https://openalex.org/W4390547445","https://openalex.org/W4390671063","https://openalex.org/W4391172658","https://openalex.org/W4392169482","https://openalex.org/W4392194543","https://openalex.org/W4392783067","https://openalex.org/W4393013897","https://openalex.org/W4393398521","https://openalex.org/W4398168929","https://openalex.org/W4399961490","https://openalex.org/W4401122708","https://openalex.org/W4402126285","https://openalex.org/W4402580817","https://openalex.org/W4406327447","https://openalex.org/W4407633406","https://openalex.org/W4410568049","https://openalex.org/W4411276494","https://openalex.org/W4414950677","https://openalex.org/W4415214791","https://openalex.org/W4416995552","https://openalex.org/W7126160120","https://openalex.org/W7135060911","https://openalex.org/W7160713489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399796068","https://openalex.org/W4414398469","https://openalex.org/W4386910568","https://openalex.org/W3175685877","https://openalex.org/W7135060911","https://openalex.org/W4223624124","https://openalex.org/W4286561517","https://openalex.org/W2507770211","https://openalex.org/W1583566598","https://openalex.org/W4281632179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetes-associated":[0],"cognitive":[1,38,176,181],"dysfunction":[2],"(DACD)":[3],"affects":[4],"memory,":[5],"executive":[6],"function,":[7],"attention,":[8],"and":[9,17,27,37,51,67,73,89,92,100,116,139,142,159,165,171,174,192],"processing":[10],"speed":[11],"through":[12],"interacting":[13],"metabolic,":[14],"vascular,":[15],"inflammatory,":[16],"neural":[18],"disturbances.":[19],"Human":[20],"observational":[21],"studies":[22],"show":[23],"heterogeneous":[24],"microbial":[25,71],"profiles":[26],"associations":[28],"between":[29],"circulating":[30],"short-chain":[31],"fatty":[32],"acids":[33],"(SCFAs),":[34],"particularly":[35],"acetate,":[36],"status,":[39],"although":[40],"causal":[41],"relationships":[42],"remain":[43],"unestablished.":[44],"Resistant":[45],"starch":[46],"(RS)":[47],"escapes":[48],"small-intestinal":[49],"digestion":[50],"is":[52],"fermented":[53],"in":[54,60,183,207],"the":[55],"colon.":[56],"Differences":[57],"among":[58],"RS1\u2013RS5":[59],"physical":[61],"accessibility,":[62],"crystallinity,":[63],"retrogradation,":[64],"chemical":[65],"modification,":[66],"lipid":[68],"complexation":[69],"determine":[70],"access":[72],"fermentation":[74],"kinetics.":[75],"Fermentation":[76],"produces":[77],"an":[78],"integrated":[79],"acetate\u2013propionate\u2013butyrate":[80],"response:":[81],"acetate":[82],"supports":[83],"cross-feeding,":[84],"propionate":[85],"contributes":[86],"to":[87],"FFAR2/FFAR3":[88],"hepatic":[90],"signaling,":[91],"butyrate":[93],"links":[94],"colonocyte":[95],"energetics":[96],"with":[97],"epithelial,":[98],"immune,":[99],"histone":[101],"deacetylase-dependent":[102],"pathways.":[103],"This":[104],"narrative":[105],"Mini":[106],"Review":[107],"integrates":[108],"human":[109],"DACD":[110,184],"observations,":[111],"controlled":[112],"RS":[113,130,178,188],"feeding":[114],"studies,":[115],"mechanistic":[117],"animal":[118],"evidence":[119,127],"within":[120],"a":[121,145,153,157,190,199],"structure-dependent":[122],"microbiota-gut-brain":[123],"framework.":[124],"The":[125],"available":[126],"indicates":[128],"that":[129],"responses":[131],"are":[132],"conditioned":[133],"by":[134],"substrate":[135],"structure,":[136],"food":[137],"matrix,":[138],"baseline":[140],"degraders":[141],"cross-feeders,":[143],"providing":[144],"basis":[146],"for":[147,180,196],"responder":[148],"stratification.":[149],"We":[150],"therefore":[151],"propose":[152],"proof-of-concept":[154],"design":[155],"using":[156],"chemically":[158],"physically":[160],"specified":[161],"RS,":[162],"longitudinal":[163],"microbiome":[164],"fecal/circulating":[166],"SCFA":[167],"profiling,":[168],"separate":[169],"intestinal":[170],"cerebrovascular":[172],"measures,":[173],"multidomain":[175],"outcomes.":[177],"efficacy":[179],"outcomes":[182],"remains":[185],"unestablished,":[186],"but":[187],"offers":[189],"food-compatible":[191],"experimentally":[193],"controllable":[194],"platform":[195],"determining":[197],"whether":[198],"reproducible":[200],"microbial-metabolite":[201],"response":[202],"can":[203],"modify":[204],"cognition-relevant":[205],"pathways":[206],"diabetes.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}