{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225639840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2025-145","title":"Research on Spatial Prediction of Rock Mass Strength Based on Advanced Boring Data","display_name":"Research on Spatial Prediction of Rock Mass Strength Based on Advanced Boring Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225639840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2025-145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1144/qjegh2025-145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2025-145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2025-145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157049565","display_name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","issn_l":"1470-9236","issn":["1470-9236","2041-4803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311650","host_organization_name":"Geological Society of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Geological Society of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161330393","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8003-9093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8003-9093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151975","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04svrh266","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8003-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161307350","display_name":"Bo Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151975","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04svrh266","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362062","display_name":"Shipeng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0426-3878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0426-3878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151975","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04svrh266","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shipeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0426-3878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779594","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2923-9459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2923-9459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151975","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04svrh266","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161330393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.61080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.61080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.22779999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12482","display_name":"Tunneling and Rock Mechanics","score":0.11110000312328339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-mass-strength","display_name":"rock mass strength","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-prediction","display_name":"spatial prediction","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-regularization","display_name":"adaptive regularization","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-interpolation","display_name":"spatial interpolation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-zoning","display_name":"risk zoning","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunnel-advance","display_name":"tunnel advance","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-sample-forecasting","display_name":"small sample prediction","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-analysis","display_name":"residual analysis","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41242791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105549","display_name":"Rock mass classification","level":2,"score":0.7225000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154881674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269270","display_name":"Variogram","level":3,"score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130402806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361768","display_name":"Random field","level":2,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72490741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535315","display_name":"Geological Strength Index","level":3,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125572338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440020","display_name":"Geostatistics","level":3,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150560799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502102","display_name":"Borehole","level":2,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4180825","display_name":"Stochastic simulation","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1144/qjegh2025-145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2025-145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2025-145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157049565","display_name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","issn_l":"1470-9236","issn":["1470-9236","2041-4803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311650","host_organization_name":"Geological Society of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Geological Society of London"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326897","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04svrh266"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391569762","https://openalex.org/W4213147001","https://openalex.org/W7169010381","https://openalex.org/W7130371273","https://openalex.org/W7218654802","https://openalex.org/W3160056486","https://openalex.org/W7155534356","https://openalex.org/W4393076585","https://openalex.org/W4405511930","https://openalex.org/W4205258390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"tunnel":[1],"advance":[2],"borehole":[3],"data":[4],"constrain":[5],"the":[6,70,74,91,123,131,150],"precise":[7],"spatial":[8,46,61],"prediction":[9,97],"of":[10,77,122,170],"rock":[11,49,156,184],"mass":[12,50,157,185],"strength,":[13],"posing":[14],"challenges":[15],"to":[16,35,67],"engineering":[17],"safety.":[18],"To":[19],"address":[20],"this,":[21],"this":[22],"paper":[23],"proposes":[24],"a":[25,139,154],"machine":[26],"learning":[27],"model":[28,94],"integrating":[29],"random":[30,58,92,132],"forests":[31,59],"with":[32,81],"adaptive":[33,65],"regularization":[34,66],"enhance":[36],"predictive":[37],"performance":[38],"under":[39],"small":[40],"sample":[41],"conditions.":[42],"This":[43,174],"method":[44,175],"characterizes":[45],"variability":[47],"in":[48],"by":[51],"introducing":[52],"local":[53],"correction":[54],"coefficients":[55],"and":[56,87,99,105,112,145,162,179,188],"employs":[57,64],"for":[60,183],"interpolation.":[62],"It":[63],"dynamically":[68],"balance":[69],"model's":[71],"goodness-of-fit":[72],"against":[73],"spatio-temporal":[75],"smoothness":[76],"its":[78],"predictions.":[79],"Comparisons":[80],"support":[82],"vector":[83],"machines,":[84],"gradient-boosted":[85],"trees,":[86],"Kriging":[88],"demonstrate":[89],"that":[90,130],"forest":[93],"achieves":[95],"higher":[96],"accuracy":[98],"better":[100],"generalization":[101],"across":[102],"training,":[103],"validation,":[104],"test":[106],"datasets.":[107],"Its":[108],"mean":[109,114],"absolute":[110],"error":[111,116,134],"root":[113],"square":[115],"are":[117],"significantly":[118],"lower":[119],"than":[120],"those":[121],"comparison":[124],"methods.":[125],"Residual":[126],"analysis":[127,187],"further":[128],"reveals":[129],"forest's":[133],"distribution":[135],"most":[136],"closely":[137],"approximates":[138],"normal":[140],"distribution,":[141],"exhibiting":[142],"minimal":[143],"variance":[144],"robust":[146],"statistical":[147],"reliability.":[148],"Using":[149],"derived":[151],"calibration":[152],"parameters,":[153],"three-dimensional":[155],"strength":[158,186],"field":[159],"was":[160,165],"generated":[161],"risk":[163,189],"zoning":[164],"performed,":[166],"achieving":[167],"intuitive":[168],"visualization":[169],"potential":[171],"hazardous":[172],"areas.":[173],"provides":[176],"an":[177],"effective":[178],"reliable":[180],"new":[181],"approach":[182],"assessment":[190],"based":[191],"on":[192],"limited":[193],"geological":[194],"forecast":[195],"data.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}