{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225639570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","title":"Did Algorithms Replace the Hometown Network? Food-Delivery Platform Entry, Job-Search Channels, and Migrant Workers\u2019 Incomes in China","display_name":"Did Algorithms Replace the Hometown Network? Food-Delivery Platform Entry, Job-Search Channels, and Migrant Workers\u2019 Incomes in China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225639570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11638259/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11638259/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161304794","display_name":"Wanli Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161316068","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161329403","display_name":"Yiqing Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-delivery-platforms","display_name":"food delivery apps","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-matching","display_name":"algorithmic matching","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-search-channels","display_name":"job search channels","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-workers","display_name":"migrant workers","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-earnings","display_name":"migrant earnings","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platform-entry","display_name":"platform entry","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-job-search","display_name":"online job search","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6108999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41426520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192065","display_name":"Point estimation","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993838527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208403","display_name":"Point system","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78597825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484847","display_name":"E-commerce","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12958728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002530","display_name":"Event study","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73945780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814232","display_name":"Survey methodology","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11638259/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11638259/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11638259/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225639570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225639570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554744956","https://openalex.org/W1912171728","https://openalex.org/W1981551269","https://openalex.org/W2035232035","https://openalex.org/W2049393187","https://openalex.org/W2067831995","https://openalex.org/W2102175042","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2119224570","https://openalex.org/W2158610523","https://openalex.org/W2159058828","https://openalex.org/W2166670725","https://openalex.org/W2331196207","https://openalex.org/W2590823206","https://openalex.org/W2789670688","https://openalex.org/W2791859701","https://openalex.org/W2792018968","https://openalex.org/W2801201447","https://openalex.org/W2801472398","https://openalex.org/W2807611776","https://openalex.org/W2979586175","https://openalex.org/W2986226477","https://openalex.org/W2999120679","https://openalex.org/W3112066496","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3122196295","https://openalex.org/W3122871745","https://openalex.org/W3123267736","https://openalex.org/W3125558073","https://openalex.org/W3125776494","https://openalex.org/W3196836501","https://openalex.org/W4239643854","https://openalex.org/W4292834002","https://openalex.org/W4293761886","https://openalex.org/W4367396771","https://openalex.org/W4404322900","https://openalex.org/W7167458613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095210241","https://openalex.org/W7097744890","https://openalex.org/W7213355882","https://openalex.org/W2924100839","https://openalex.org/W7134249632","https://openalex.org/W7160275967","https://openalex.org/W4285228256","https://openalex.org/W4290973830","https://openalex.org/W1541413161","https://openalex.org/W7103663570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Does":[1],"algorithmic":[2],"matching":[3],"replace":[4],"informal":[5],"job-search":[6],"networks?":[7],"We":[8],"exploit":[9],"the":[10,21,52,59,86,100,110,113],"staggered,":[11],"month-precise":[12],"entry":[13,34],"of":[14,88],"food-delivery":[15],"platforms":[16],"into":[17],"Chinese":[18],"counties,":[19],"using":[20],"China":[22],"Migrants":[23],"Dynamic":[24],"Survey":[25],"(2011":[26],"to":[27,77,102],"2018,":[28],"about":[29,47],"1.29":[30],"million":[31],"respondents).":[32],"Platform":[33],"did":[35],"not":[36],"measurably":[37],"alter":[38],"channel":[39,54],"composition:":[40],"power":[41],"analysis":[42],"rules":[43],"out":[44],"effects":[45],"beyond":[46],"one":[48],"percentage":[49],"point":[50],"for":[51,58,96],"internet":[53],"and":[55,90,120],"four":[56],"points":[57],"tie":[60],"channel,":[61],"while":[62],"smaller":[63],"declines":[64],"cannot":[65,106],"be":[66,107],"excluded.":[67],"The":[68],"shock":[69],"was":[70],"economically":[71],"real:":[72],"migrant":[73],"incomes":[74,125],"rose":[75],"4":[76],"6":[78],"percent":[79],"in":[80],"an":[81],"imputation":[82],"event":[83],"study,":[84],"surviving":[85],"exclusion":[87],"rider-adjacent":[89],"restaurant":[91],"workers,":[92],"with":[93,109],"larger":[94],"gains":[95],"high-education":[97],"migrants.":[98],"Whether":[99],"return":[101],"social":[103],"capital":[104],"declined":[105],"tested":[108],"survey":[111],"proxy:":[112],"interaction":[114],"estimate":[115],"fails":[116],"pre-trend,":[117],"in-time":[118],"placebo,":[119],"randomization-inference":[121],"diagnostics.":[122],"Algorithms":[123],"raised":[124],"without":[126],"restructuring":[127],"search.":[128],"JEL":[129],"codes":[130],":":[131],"J61,":[132],"J64,":[133],"O33,":[134],"D85":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}