{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225639287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","title":"Historical Non-Identification From Identical Effects: Why an Effect That Several Histories Would Produce Cannot Say Which One Did","display_name":"Historical Non-Identification From Identical Effects: Why an Effect That Several Histories Would Produce Cannot Say Which One Did","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225639287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24079380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159573497","display_name":"Alexandra Cary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cary, Alexandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159573497"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification-problem","display_name":"identification problem","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-equivalence","display_name":"observational equivalence","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monozygotic-twins","display_name":"monozygotic twins","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burden-of-proof","display_name":"burden of proof","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"attribution","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing","display_name":"DNA sequencing","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4853000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79897977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054568","display_name":"Causal chain","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24079380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24079381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24079380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24079380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212367090","https://openalex.org/W2012692237","https://openalex.org/W7204251662","https://openalex.org/W1991706228","https://openalex.org/W2027853605","https://openalex.org/W2467977574","https://openalex.org/W3111068008","https://openalex.org/W7214774033","https://openalex.org/W2132765818","https://openalex.org/W7212133448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"observed":[1],"effect":[2],"can":[3,109,158,182],"be":[4],"consistent":[5],"with":[6,68],"more":[7,151],"than":[8],"one":[9,76],"account":[10],"of":[11,144,166,207],"how":[12,155,180],"it":[13],"arose.":[14],"When":[15],"different":[16],"admissible":[17],"histories":[18,96,192],"would":[19],"produce":[20],"exactly":[21],"the":[22,78,82,95,120,142,145,167,177,196,213],"same":[23],"available":[24,146],"information,":[25,203],"that":[26,62,105],"information":[27,59,84,98],"cannot":[28],"identify":[29],"which":[30,134,191],"history":[31],"occurred.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34,56,178],"sets":[35],"out":[36],"Historical":[37],"Non-Identification":[38],"From":[39],"Identical":[40],"Effects,":[41],"a":[42,210],"structural":[43],"and":[44,97,123,170,200],"conditional":[45],"constraint":[46,79,118],"on":[47],"inference":[48],"from":[49,60],"present":[50],"evidence":[51,61,72,102,187,197,214],"to":[52,94,119],"past":[53],"events.":[54],"The":[55,114],"distinguishes":[57,198],"identical":[58,139],"is":[63,92,112],"merely":[64],"similar":[65],"or":[66,103,205],"compatible":[67],"several":[69],"histories.":[70],"Compatible":[71],"may":[73],"still":[74],"favor":[75],"account;":[77],"applies":[80],"when":[81,212],"specified":[83],"provides":[85],"no":[86],"distinction":[87],"between":[88],"them.":[89],"Its":[90],"scope":[91],"limited":[93],"under":[99],"consideration.":[100],"Further":[101],"methods":[104,157],"reveal":[106,159],"additional":[107,202],"differences":[108],"change":[110],"what":[111,185,201],"identifiable.":[113],"discussion":[115],"relates":[116],"this":[117],"identification":[121],"problem":[122],"observational":[124],"equivalence":[125],"in":[126,133,162],"econometrics.":[127],"A":[128],"reported":[129],"2009":[130],"Berlin":[131],"case,":[132],"forensic":[135],"DNA":[136],"profiles":[137],"matched":[138],"twins,":[140],"illustrates":[141,154],"limit":[143],"evidence.":[147],"Separate":[148],"research":[149],"using":[150],"detailed":[152],"sequencing":[153],"new":[156],"distinctions":[160],"unavailable":[161],"earlier":[163],"profiles.":[164],"Part":[165],"Relational":[168],"Conditions":[169],"Dynamics":[171],"series":[172],"within":[173,184],"On":[174],"Human":[175],"Modeling,":[176],"examines":[179],"attributions":[181],"remain":[183,193],"their":[186],"supports.":[188],"It":[189],"asks":[190],"admissible,":[194],"whether":[195],"them,":[199],"presumption,":[204],"burden":[206],"proof":[208],"supplies":[209],"decision":[211],"alone":[215],"cannot.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}