{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225639110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","title":"The commercial trade in exotic pets has had little impact on wild populations of reptiles and amphibians","display_name":"The commercial trade in exotic pets has had little impact on wild populations of reptiles and amphibians","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225639110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43002729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cobi.70390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.70390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98137347","display_name":"Conservation Biology","issn_l":"0888-8892","issn":["0888-8892","1523-1739"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conservation Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.70390","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021604302","display_name":"Richard Shine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-5657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-5657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Shine","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-5657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108357465","display_name":"Melanie J. Elphick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie J. Elphick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039592654","display_name":"Mark O\u2019Shea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-7460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-7460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119664326","display_name":"University of Wolverhampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2y1055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark O'Shea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton  Wolverhampton UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton  Wolverhampton UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119664326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161337395","display_name":"Nicholas P. Vine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas P. Vine","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021604302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"fwci":2.5181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80061839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12965","display_name":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10332","display_name":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","score":0.05130000039935112,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exotic-pet-trade","display_name":"exotic pet trade","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reptiles","display_name":"reptiles","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphibians","display_name":"amphibians","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captive-breeding","display_name":"captive breeding","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wild-caught-animals","display_name":"wild-caught animals","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iucn-conservation-status","display_name":"IUCN conservation status","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare","display_name":"animal welfare","score":0.640999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776605222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141338","display_name":"Wildlife trade","level":3,"score":0.8019000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993056352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7432","display_name":"Animal species","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109766332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532550","display_name":"Turtle (robot)","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64229544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552431","display_name":"Habitat destruction","level":3,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780737616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82673","display_name":"Conservation status","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187604713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570810","display_name":"Global biodiversity","level":3,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523966790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426","display_name":"Animal welfare","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95803793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191836","display_name":"CITES","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/cobi.70390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.70390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98137347","display_name":"Conservation Biology","issn_l":"0888-8892","issn":["0888-8892","1523-1739"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conservation Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:43002729","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43002729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/cobi.70390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70390","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.70390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98137347","display_name":"Conservation Biology","issn_l":"0888-8892","issn":["0888-8892","1523-1739"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conservation Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320591","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225639110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225639110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167760469","https://openalex.org/W1950401870","https://openalex.org/W2044047929","https://openalex.org/W2047669080","https://openalex.org/W2098051621","https://openalex.org/W2102067332","https://openalex.org/W2106635258","https://openalex.org/W2112274754","https://openalex.org/W2117391611","https://openalex.org/W2142103099","https://openalex.org/W2146338061","https://openalex.org/W2157513828","https://openalex.org/W2168483012","https://openalex.org/W2410965886","https://openalex.org/W2473892951","https://openalex.org/W2910877583","https://openalex.org/W2948749917","https://openalex.org/W2977474077","https://openalex.org/W3002513049","https://openalex.org/W3011932174","https://openalex.org/W3045512305","https://openalex.org/W3100439576","https://openalex.org/W3107214045","https://openalex.org/W3131386227","https://openalex.org/W3131419516","https://openalex.org/W3133634205","https://openalex.org/W3135750767","https://openalex.org/W3139150428","https://openalex.org/W3177037782","https://openalex.org/W3184224010","https://openalex.org/W3204525239","https://openalex.org/W4205171221","https://openalex.org/W4230435483","https://openalex.org/W4233408523","https://openalex.org/W4234662092","https://openalex.org/W4241512557","https://openalex.org/W4251807393","https://openalex.org/W4253772754","https://openalex.org/W4254188857","https://openalex.org/W4280516099","https://openalex.org/W4283318849","https://openalex.org/W4285014479","https://openalex.org/W4285095389","https://openalex.org/W4289841113","https://openalex.org/W4295754419","https://openalex.org/W4317940486","https://openalex.org/W4324311350","https://openalex.org/W4327851751","https://openalex.org/W4361017586","https://openalex.org/W4366818809","https://openalex.org/W4389217912","https://openalex.org/W4391227038","https://openalex.org/W4391940950","https://openalex.org/W4394566886","https://openalex.org/W4401250100","https://openalex.org/W4402358234","https://openalex.org/W4406143727","https://openalex.org/W4407766635","https://openalex.org/W4411416751","https://openalex.org/W4411612857","https://openalex.org/W4412704330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2263398801","https://openalex.org/W3100439576","https://openalex.org/W2044047929","https://openalex.org/W2473892951","https://openalex.org/W155466593","https://openalex.org/W2179797806","https://openalex.org/W2186728587","https://openalex.org/W7154597560","https://openalex.org/W1990787097","https://openalex.org/W2075687136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,174],"commercial":[1,87],"trade":[2,21,162,208,228],"in":[3,14,49,89,102,202],"exotic":[4],"pets":[5],"has":[6],"raised":[7],"concerns":[8,25],"about":[9],"population-level":[10],"impacts":[11,259],"from":[12,81,100,225],"collection":[13,158],"the":[15,20,37,40,43,50,53,82,90,131,141,160,206,218,226,232,248,264,269,281],"wild;":[16],"however,":[17],"proponents":[18],"of":[19,39,56,84,107,111,146,176,235,250,260,273,292],"claim":[22],"that":[23,179,200,217,266,295],"such":[24],"are":[26,240],"unfounded.":[27],"To":[28,61],"resolve":[29],"this":[30],"debate,":[31],"more":[32],"information":[33],"is":[34,163],"needed":[35],"on":[36,74],"volume":[38],"pet":[41,161,207,227],"trade,":[42],"species":[44,108,115,156,199,294],"involved,":[45],"their":[46,211],"conservation":[47],"status":[48],"wild,":[51],"and":[52,67,71,93,122,190,213,223,244,255,257,271,275,283],"relative":[54],"numbers":[55,270],"wild-caught":[57,186],"versus":[58,209],"captive-bred":[59,183],"animals.":[60],"examine":[62],"these":[63],"issues":[64,243],"for":[65,144,153,159,205,210,278],"reptiles":[66,222,274],"amphibians,":[68],"we":[69,267],"assembled":[70],"analyzed":[72],"data":[73],">255,000":[75],"specimens":[76,95],"over":[77,96,192],"a":[78,85,97,167],"16-year":[79],"period":[80,99,265],"pricelists":[83],"major":[86,219],"supplier":[88],"United":[91],"States":[92],">85,000":[94],"6-year":[98],"suppliers":[101,285],"Europe.":[103],"A":[104],"small":[105],"number":[106],"dominated:":[109],"31%":[110],"listings":[112,178],"included":[113],"22":[114],"(14":[116],"snakes,":[117],"four":[118],"lizards,":[119],"three":[120],"frogs,":[121],"one":[123],"turtle":[124],"were":[125,138,180,201,286,296],"all":[126,137,177],"listed":[127,135],">2000":[128],"times).":[129],"Of":[130],"27":[132],"most":[133,293],"commonly":[134],"taxa,":[136],"rated":[139],"by":[140,280],"International":[142],"Union":[143],"Conservation":[145],"Nature":[147],"(IUCN)":[148],"as":[149,182],"least":[150],"concern,":[151],"except":[152],"two":[154],"python":[155],"where":[157],"likely":[164],"to":[165,221,247,252,288],"be":[166],"minor":[168],"threat":[169],"compared":[170],"with":[171],"habitat":[172],"destruction.":[173],"proportion":[175],"described":[181],"rather":[184],"than":[185],"was":[187,195],"approximately":[188],"34%":[189],"increased":[191],"time.":[193],"There":[194],"no":[196],"overlap":[197],"between":[198],"high":[203],"demand":[204],"meat":[212],"skins.":[214],"We":[215],"concluded":[216],"risks":[220],"amphibians":[224,276],"do":[229],"not":[230],"involve":[231],"unsustainable":[233],"harvest":[234],"wild":[236,253],"animals,":[237],"but":[238],"there":[239],"animal":[241],"welfare":[242],"threats":[245],"related":[246],"spread":[249],"disease":[251],"populations":[254,291],"ecological":[256],"genetic":[258],"released":[261],"pets.":[262],"Over":[263],"surveyed,":[268],"types":[272],"offered":[277],"sale":[279],"U.S.":[282],"U.K.":[284],"unlikely":[287],"have":[289],"imperiled":[290],"traded.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
