{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225638285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","title":"Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Causally Supports the Memory Advantage of Reading Aloud","display_name":"Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Causally Supports the Memory Advantage of Reading Aloud","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225638285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135976817","display_name":"Lihui Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0401-0193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0401-0193"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihui Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0401-0193","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152192613","display_name":"Wenjie Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059189131","display_name":"Travis Morgan Seale-Carlisle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-8549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-8549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Morgan Seale-Carlisle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077516522","display_name":"Agnieszka E. Konopka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-8668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-8668"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnieszka Konopka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-8668","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002817734","display_name":"Manuela Macedonia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-1920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-1920"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuela Macedonia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-1920","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078127275","display_name":"Brian Mathias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-1054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-1054"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Mathias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-1054","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-effects","display_name":"production effects","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-aloud","display_name":"reading aloud","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-control","display_name":"cognitive control","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-advantage","display_name":"memory advantage","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"word recognition","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recollection","display_name":"recollection","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-judgments","display_name":"confidence judgments","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-theta-burst-stimulation","display_name":"continuous theta burst stimulation","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermittent-theta-burst-stimulation","display_name":"intermittent theta burst stimulation","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensorimotor-information","display_name":"sensorimotor information","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7452999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.64410001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780508717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72788","display_name":"Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","level":4,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993756790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading aloud","level":3,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777245640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17911243","display_name":"CTBS","level":5,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775858120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333604","display_name":"Memoria","level":3,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88576662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646","display_name":"Episodic memory","level":3,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150420422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141238","display_name":"Cognitive resource theory","level":3,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779042817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815736","display_name":"Memory improvement","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776264592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463837","display_name":"Language production","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36668950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500279","display_name":"Free recall","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399","display_name":"Speech production","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81444415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243535","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2d894_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377093418","https://openalex.org/W2924700645","https://openalex.org/W2183201943","https://openalex.org/W2010367005","https://openalex.org/W2201448066","https://openalex.org/W4404370556","https://openalex.org/W7001318232","https://openalex.org/W3011221250","https://openalex.org/W4414249137","https://openalex.org/W3029650437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reading":[0],"words":[1,116,137,155,166,191,215],"aloud":[2,117,139,165,217],"improves":[3],"later":[4],"recognition":[5,124],"relative":[6,167],"to":[7,63,88,98,107,168,200],"reading":[8],"them":[9],"silently,":[10],"a":[11,73,133,222],"phenomenon":[12],"known":[13],"as":[14],"the":[15,24,43,47,64,89,161,187,206,211,229],"production":[16,65,135],"effect.":[17],"This":[18],"advantage":[19,163,189],"may":[20],"reflect":[21],"not":[22,196],"only":[23],"distinctive":[25,230],"sensorimotor":[26],"information":[27,39,231],"generated":[28,232],"by":[29,233],"production,":[30],"but":[31],"also":[32],"cognitive":[33,54,225],"control":[34,226],"processes":[35],"that":[36,184,210],"prioritise":[37],"this":[38,59],"during":[40],"encoding.":[41],"Given":[42],"central":[44],"role":[45,223],"of":[46],"dorsolateral":[48],"prefrontal":[49],"cortex":[50],"(DLPFC)":[51],"in":[52,82,227],"supporting":[53],"control,":[55],"we":[56],"tested":[57],"whether":[58],"region":[60],"causally":[61],"contributes":[62],"effect":[66],"using":[67],"transcranial":[68],"magnetic":[69],"stimulation":[70,95,104],"(TMS).":[71],"In":[72],"preregistered":[74],"within-participant":[75],"study,":[76],"40":[77],"adults":[78],"completed":[79],"three":[80],"sessions":[81],"which":[83],"TMS":[84],"was":[85,132],"delivered":[86],"bilaterally":[87],"DLPFC.":[90],"They":[91],"received":[92],"continuous":[93],"theta-burst":[94,103],"(cTBS),":[96],"expected":[97,106],"reduce":[99],"DLPFC":[100,212],"excitability;":[101],"intermittent":[102],"(iTBS),":[105],"increase":[108],"it;":[109],"or":[110,118],"sham":[111,169],"stimulation.":[112],"Participants":[113],"then":[114],"read":[115,138,156,192,216],"silently":[119],"before":[120],"completing":[121],"an":[122],"old/new":[123],"test":[125],"with":[126,146,221],"confidence":[127,148],"and":[128,144,149,170,175],"recollection":[129,152],"judgements.":[130],"There":[131],"clear":[134],"effect:":[136],"were":[140],"recognised":[141],"more":[142,150,218],"accurately":[143],"quickly,":[145],"greater":[147],"frequent":[151],"ratings,":[153],"than":[154],"silently.":[157],"Crucially,":[158],"cTBS":[159,185],"reduced":[160,186],"accuracy":[162],"for":[164,190,224],"iTBS.":[171],"Exploratory":[172],"receiver-operating-characteristic":[173],"(ROC)":[174],"unequal-variance":[176],"signal-detection":[177],"(UVSD)":[178],"modeling":[179],"approaches":[180],"provided":[181],"converging":[182],"evidence":[183,209],"memory":[188],"aloud.":[193],"Stimulation":[194],"did":[195],"reliably":[197],"affect":[198],"responses":[199],"new":[201],"words.":[202],"These":[203],"findings":[204],"provide":[205],"first":[207],"causal":[208],"helps":[213],"make":[214],"memorable,":[219],"consistent":[220],"prioritising":[228],"speaking.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
