{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225638114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","title":"Gelified ethanol as a low-cost non-thermal ablative agent for percutaneous liver ablation: a first-phase preclinical feasibility study","display_name":"Gelified ethanol as a low-cost non-thermal ablative agent for percutaneous liver ablation: a first-phase preclinical feasibility study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225638114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047660","display_name":"CVIR Oncology","issn_l":"3059-2003","issn":["3059-2003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVIR Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031950627","display_name":"Manuel Gargiulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267913","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle Exp\u00e9rimentale","ror":"https://ror.org/0503cfr35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275235","display_name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche en Imagerie M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/037hgvq20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Gargiulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124958331","display_name":"C\u00e9cile Di-Rocco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267913","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle Exp\u00e9rimentale","ror":"https://ror.org/0503cfr35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275235","display_name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche en Imagerie M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/037hgvq20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C\u00e9cile Di-Rocco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114057786","display_name":"Clotylde Dumas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2351-409X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2351-409X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267913","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle Exp\u00e9rimentale","ror":"https://ror.org/0503cfr35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275235","display_name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche en Imagerie M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/037hgvq20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clotylde Dumas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047144950","display_name":"Pauline Brige","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-0147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-0147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267913","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle Exp\u00e9rimentale","ror":"https://ror.org/0503cfr35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275235","display_name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche en Imagerie M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/037hgvq20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauline Brige","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077797776","display_name":"Vincent Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-3986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1680-3986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087487","display_name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/002cp4060","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210087487"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162909","display_name":"H\u00f4pital de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/05jrr4320","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210087487","https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267913","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle Exp\u00e9rimentale","ror":"https://ror.org/0503cfr35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275235","display_name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche en Imagerie M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/037hgvq20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, 13005, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, 13005, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087487","https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051176083","display_name":"Farouk Tradi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087487","display_name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille","ror":"https://ror.org/002cp4060","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210087487"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162909","display_name":"H\u00f4pital de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/05jrr4320","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210087487","https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267913","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionnelle Exp\u00e9rimentale","ror":"https://ror.org/0503cfr35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275235","display_name":"Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherche en Imagerie M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/037hgvq20","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farouk Tradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, 13005, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CERIMED, UAR2012, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aix Marseille University, LIIE, UR4264, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, 13005, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087487","https://openalex.org/I4210162909"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031950627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4405267913","https://openalex.org/I4405275235"],"apc_list":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"apc_paid":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylcellulose","display_name":"ethyl cellulose","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-ablation","display_name":"ethanol ablation","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-thermal-ablation","display_name":"non-thermal ablation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porcine-liver-model","display_name":"porcine liver model","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injectability","display_name":"injectability","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-complications","display_name":"vascular complications","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatic-infarction","display_name":"hepatic infarction","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound-guided-injection","display_name":"ultrasound-guided injection","score":0.7739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.7849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7588000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322177","display_name":"Ablation","level":2,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.6887000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19617505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156986","display_name":"Ablative case","level":3,"score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.6205000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071287","display_name":"Percutaneous","level":2,"score":0.5713000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.5097000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779864613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928295","display_name":"Percutaneous ethanol injection","level":4,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019592751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38344","display_name":"Animal study","level":2,"score":0.4756999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778117688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264024","display_name":"Animal model","level":2,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38344","display_name":"Experimental animal","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777202286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9609","display_name":"Vein","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780161600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","display_name":"Ethanol","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778230777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6298197","display_name":"Sclerotherapy","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017627122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470283","display_name":"Pig liver","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047660","display_name":"CVIR Oncology","issn_l":"3059-2003","issn":["3059-2003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVIR Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44343-026-00069-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047660","display_name":"CVIR Oncology","issn_l":"3059-2003","issn":["3059-2003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVIR Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225638114.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225638114.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989412329","https://openalex.org/W2010774661","https://openalex.org/W2015093946","https://openalex.org/W2039685983","https://openalex.org/W2113136782","https://openalex.org/W2156780402","https://openalex.org/W2745779832","https://openalex.org/W2996327200","https://openalex.org/W3022067506","https://openalex.org/W3093803275","https://openalex.org/W3118383251","https://openalex.org/W3123000185","https://openalex.org/W3131613078","https://openalex.org/W3193986091","https://openalex.org/W4387940188","https://openalex.org/W4406854118","https://openalex.org/W7162098470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118383251","https://openalex.org/W2996327200","https://openalex.org/W4412450157","https://openalex.org/W4387940188","https://openalex.org/W3123000185","https://openalex.org/W2106855334","https://openalex.org/W2012742445","https://openalex.org/W2117321612","https://openalex.org/W2029461672","https://openalex.org/W2427485635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Purpose":[1],"To":[2],"evaluate":[3],"the":[4,84,165,199,277,282,296],"reproducibility,":[5],"injectability,":[6,287],"and":[7,21,39,45,64,126,133,142,157,183,191,223,233,261,263,273,290,292,316],"hepatic":[8,100,248,251,304],"ablative":[9,288],"effect":[10],"of":[11,87,110,167,286,320],"ethylcellulose-ethanol":[12],"(EC-OH)":[13],"mixtures":[14],"at":[15,42],"three":[16],"concentrations":[17],"in":[18,22,34,81,89,104,254,264,302],"ex":[19],"vivo":[20,23,67,99],"porcine":[24,72],"liver":[25],"models,":[26],"as":[27,295],"a":[28,35,76,303,317],"formulational":[29],"selection":[30],"step":[31],"before":[32],"evaluation":[33,301],"tumor":[36,305],"model.":[37],"Materials":[38],"methods":[40],"EC-OH":[41,155,193,270],"3%,":[43],"6%,":[44],"12%":[46],"ethylcellulose":[47],"(EC3,":[48],"EC6,":[49,190,232,262],"EC12)":[50],"was":[51,58,102,161,293],"compared":[52],"with":[53,83,203],"pure":[54],"ethanol":[55],"(OH).":[56],"Injectability":[57],"tested":[59,278],"through":[60,138,147],"18\u201322":[61],"G":[62,140],"needles":[63,141],"microcatheters.":[65],"Ex":[66,170],"experiments":[68],"used":[69],"one":[70,153],"explanted":[71],"liver,":[73],"obtained":[74],"from":[75],"concurrent,":[77],"unrelated":[78],"animal":[79,90],"experiment":[80],"accordance":[82],"3Rs":[85],"principle":[86],"Reduction":[88],"research":[91],"(8":[92],"needles;":[93],"1\u20132":[94],"mL":[95,112,177],"per":[96,113,115,176],"injection).":[97],"In":[98,205],"ablation":[101,196],"performed":[103],"four":[105],"swine":[106],"(6":[107],"ultrasound-guided":[108],"injections":[109,118,256],"2":[111],"formulation":[114,298],"animal;":[116],"24":[117],"total).":[119],"Lesion":[120],"volumes":[121,175,212],"were":[122,131,179,213],"assessed":[123],"by":[124],"CT":[125,173,210],"macroscopy.":[127],"Results":[128],"All":[129],"formulations":[130],"reproducible":[132],"injectable;":[134],"EC12":[135,234,238,310],"showed":[136,311],"resistance":[137],"20\u201322":[139],"could":[143],"not":[144],"be":[145],"aspirated":[146],"22":[148],"G.":[149],"Estimated":[150],"cost":[151],"for":[152,187,229,258,267,299],"full":[154],"preparation":[156],"injection":[158],"(2":[159],"mL)":[160],"approximately":[162],"\u20ac2.9,":[163],"on":[164],"order":[166],"<":[168],"\u20ac5.":[169],"vivo,":[171,206],"mean":[172,207],"lesion":[174,211],"injected":[178],"0.2,":[180],"0.1,":[181,182],"1.2":[184],"cm":[185,227],"3":[186,228],"OH,":[188,230,259],"EC3,":[189,231,260],"EC12.":[192,268],"produced":[194],"nodular":[195],"patterns":[197],"versus":[198],"linear":[200],"tracts":[201],"seen":[202],"OH.":[204],"(\u00b1":[208,215,218,221,225],"SD)":[209],"0.4":[214],"0.4),":[216],"0.3":[217],"0.3),":[219],"0.7":[220],"0.5),":[222],"1.8":[224],"1.1)":[226],"(EC6":[235],"\u00d7":[236,239],"2.0;":[237],"4.5":[240],"vs":[241],"OH).":[242],"CT-visible":[243],"vascular":[244,321],"complications":[245],"(portal":[246],"or":[247],"venous":[249],"thrombosis,":[250],"infarcts)":[252],"occurred":[253],"1/6":[255],"each":[257],"3/6":[265],"(50%)":[266],"Conclusion":[269],"is":[271],"easily":[272],"inexpensively":[274],"prepared.":[275],"Among":[276],"formulations,":[279],"EC6":[280],"demonstrated":[281],"most":[283],"favorable":[284],"balance":[285],"effect,":[289],"safety,":[291],"selected":[294],"candidate":[297],"future":[300],"model":[306],"(rabbit":[307],"VX2":[308],"carcinoma).":[309],"unacceptable":[312],"technical":[313],"handling":[314],"limitations":[315],"higher":[318],"risk":[319],"embolization.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
