{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225637620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","title":"Effectiveness of a Social Media\u2013Based Peer Support Intervention for Improving Medication Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life among Young People Living with HIV in Ghana: A Single-Group Pretest\u2013Posttest Quasi-Experimental Study","display_name":"Effectiveness of a Social Media\u2013Based Peer Support Intervention for Improving Medication Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life among Young People Living with HIV in Ghana: A Single-Group Pretest\u2013Posttest Quasi-Experimental Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225637620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061774793","display_name":"Emmanuel O. Mensah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-8674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-8674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Mensah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Health and Allied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091532004","display_name":"Vincent Uwumboriyhie Gmayinaam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-1903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-1903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Uwumboriyhie Gmayinaam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Health and Allied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028827422","display_name":"Eric Osei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-1591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-1591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254651091","display_name":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/054tfvs49","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Osei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Health and Allied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Health and Allied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254651091"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11620","display_name":"Medication Adherence and Compliance","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7940999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018553135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67004728","display_name":"Medication adherence","level":2,"score":0.7318999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.607200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781094116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569083","display_name":"Peer support","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128593788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194193","display_name":"Peer group","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019134416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227","display_name":"Antiretroviral medication","level":5,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777275308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234668","display_name":"Cart","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019006561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Health related quality of life","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110131835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659","display_name":"Self-efficacy","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11386436/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810120192","https://openalex.org/W2931520836","https://openalex.org/W2989666828","https://openalex.org/W3006370585","https://openalex.org/W3108826961","https://openalex.org/W4200280092","https://openalex.org/W4213247528","https://openalex.org/W4220925969","https://openalex.org/W4283808699","https://openalex.org/W4292286585","https://openalex.org/W4376645949","https://openalex.org/W4384406012","https://openalex.org/W4388126278","https://openalex.org/W4390263549","https://openalex.org/W4391999273","https://openalex.org/W4392298672","https://openalex.org/W4394747505","https://openalex.org/W4399704709","https://openalex.org/W4400080510","https://openalex.org/W4410122644","https://openalex.org/W4411678551","https://openalex.org/W4413734251","https://openalex.org/W4416949624","https://openalex.org/W7117454584"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background:":[1],"Young":[2],"people":[3,378],"living":[4,379],"with":[5,173,199,254,278,310,366,380],"HIV":[6,40,101,399],"(YPLHIV)":[7],"frequently":[8],"encounter":[9],"barriers":[10],"to":[11,72,185,223,247,321],"antiretroviral":[12],"therapy":[13],"(ART)":[14],"adherence":[15,75,129,202,218,251,288,324],"and":[16,29,76,121,140,154,165,179,191,203,261,295,373,394],"experience":[17,322],"suboptimal":[18],"health-related":[19],"quality":[20],"of":[21,61,103,150,213,241,285,340],"life":[22],"(HRQoL),":[23],"which":[24],"together":[25],"undermine":[26],"viral":[27,312],"suppression":[28,375],"long-term":[30],"prognosis.":[31],"While":[32],"peer":[33,47,68,384],"support":[34,69],"interventions":[35],"can":[36],"enhance":[37,73],"engagement":[38],"in":[39,51,82,107,282,299,369,401],"care,":[41],"empirical":[42],"data":[43],"regarding":[44],"social":[45,66,259,360],"media\u2013facilitated":[46],"networks":[48,385],"among":[49,78,92,376],"YPLHIV":[50,79],"sub-Saharan":[52],"Africa":[53],"remain":[54],"scarce.":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57,89],"evaluated":[58,131],"the":[59,100,108,133,145,208,211,272,283],"effectiveness":[60],"a":[62,174,296,337],"structured,":[63,358],"professionally":[64],"moderated":[65],"media\u2013based":[67],"intervention":[70,114,363],"designed":[71],"medication":[74,201,217,287,370],"HRQoL":[77,141,243,302,342],"receiving":[80],"ART":[81],"Ghana":[83],"Methods:":[84],"A":[85,357],"single-group":[86],"pretest\u2013posttest":[87],"quasi-experimental":[88],"was":[90,130,142,275,364],"conducted":[91],"124":[93],"young":[94,377],"adults":[95],"aged":[96],"18\u201334":[97],"years":[98],"attending":[99],"Clinic":[102],"Kade":[104],"Government":[105],"Hospital":[106],"Kwaebibirim":[109],"Municipality,":[110],"Ghana.":[111],"The":[112,238],"six-month":[113,209],"utilized":[115],"Chatterbox":[116],"(for":[117,123],"anonymous":[118],"group":[119],"interactions)":[120],"WhatsApp":[122],"confidential":[124],"one-on-one":[125],"professional":[126],"counselling).":[127],"Medication":[128,135,250],"using":[132,144,159],"10-item":[134],"Adherence":[136],"Rating":[137],"Scale":[138],"(MARS-10),":[139],"assessed":[143],"World":[146],"Health":[147],"Organization":[148],"Quality":[149],"Life-BREF":[151],"(WHOQOL-BREF).":[152],"Pre-":[153],"post-intervention":[155,273],"outcomes":[156],"were":[157,183,316,346],"compared":[158],"paired":[160],"t-tests,":[161],"Wilcoxon":[162],"signed-rank":[163],"tests,":[164],"McNemar\u2019s":[166],"tests.":[167],"Population-averaged":[168],"generalized":[169],"estimating":[170],"equations":[171],"(GEE)":[172],"log":[175],"link,":[176],"Poisson":[177],"family,":[178],"robust":[180],"standard":[181],"errors":[182],"fitted":[184],"estimate":[186],"adjusted":[187],"prevalence":[188,240,284,339],"ratios":[189],"(aPRs)":[190],"95%":[192,292,306,331,353],"confidence":[193],"intervals":[194],"(CIs)":[195],"for":[196,397],"factors":[197],"associated":[198,277,365],"poor":[200,204,242,286,300,323,341],"HRQoL.":[205],"Results:":[206],"Following":[207],"intervention,":[210],"proportion":[212],"participants":[214,335],"achieving":[215],"good":[216],"rose":[219],"from":[220,245],"21.1%":[221],"(26/124)":[222],"78.9%":[224],"(98/124;":[225],"p<0.001).":[226,237,267],"Statistically":[227],"significant":[228],"gains":[229],"occurred":[230],"across":[231],"all":[232],"four":[233],"WHOQOL-BREF":[234],"domains":[235,265],"(all":[236,266],"overall":[239,301],"declined":[244],"96.8%":[246],"3.2%":[248],"(p<0.001).":[249],"correlated":[252],"positively":[253],"physical":[255],"(r=0.660),":[256],"psychological":[257],"(r=0.752),":[258],"(r=0.623),":[260],"environmental":[262],"(r=0.730)":[263],"health":[264],"In":[268],"multivariable":[269],"GEE":[270],"modeling,":[271],"period":[274],"independently":[276],"an":[279,392],"80%":[280],"reduction":[281,298],"(aPR":[289,303,328,350],"=":[290,304,329,351],"0.20,":[291],"CI:":[293,307,332,354],"0.12\u20130.34)":[294],"96%":[297],"0.04,":[305],"0.01\u20130.13).":[308],"Participants":[309],"unsuppressed":[311],"load":[313],"(\u226550":[314],"copies/mL)":[315],"over":[317],"twice":[318],"as":[319,325],"likely":[320],"suppressed":[326],"peers":[327],"2.31,":[330],"1.58\u20133.39).":[333],"Never-married":[334],"had":[336],"lower":[338],"than":[343],"those":[344],"who":[345],"married":[347],"or":[348],"cohabiting":[349],"0.86,":[352],"0.75\u20130.99).":[355],"Conclusion:":[356],"multidisciplinary":[359],"media":[361],"peer-support":[362],"substantial":[367],"improvements":[368],"adherence,":[371],"HRQoL,":[372],"virological":[374],"HIV.":[381],"Integrating":[382],"digital":[383],"into":[386],"routine":[387],"differentiated":[388],"service":[389],"delivery":[390],"represents":[391],"effective":[393],"scalable":[395],"avenue":[396],"youth-centered":[398],"care":[400],"resource-limited":[402],"environments.":[403]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T13:44:29.811591","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}