{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225636809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","title":"Soil Multifunctionality Differences and Driving Pathways Among Plantations in Coastal Saline\u2013Alkali Land","display_name":"Soil Multifunctionality Differences and Driving Pathways Among Plantations in Coastal Saline\u2013Alkali Land","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225636809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161311793","display_name":"Qing Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161344704","display_name":"Dong Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440812","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-7849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-7849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161325141","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107948961","display_name":"Jinchi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-7214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-7214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinchi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107948961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"3491","last_page":"3491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14391","display_name":"Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in China","score":0.02070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.02019999921321869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-multifunctionality","display_name":"soil multifunctionality","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afforestation","display_name":"afforestation","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-salinity","display_name":"soil salinity","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-alkalinity","display_name":"soil alkalinity","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-aggregate-structure","display_name":"soil aggregate structure","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-enzyme-activity","display_name":"soil enzyme activity","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-carbon-sequestration","display_name":"soil carbon sequestration","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-cycling","display_name":"nutrient cycling","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-depth","display_name":"soil depth","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-degradation","display_name":"soil degradation","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20529654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247456","display_name":"Topsoil","level":3,"score":0.7782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7042999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56095865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384419","display_name":"Afforestation","level":2,"score":0.6662999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93973069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899249","display_name":"Bulk density","level":3,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992357698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31796","display_name":"Tidal flat","level":3,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160934017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10926413","display_name":"Soil type","level":3,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152494472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386963","display_name":"Soil classification","level":3,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172817999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554911","display_name":"Soil functions","level":5,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123157820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Erosion","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780833732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5395394","display_name":"Erosion control","level":3,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156634047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878214","display_name":"Soil horizon","level":3,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7959160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554896","display_name":"Soil biodiversity","level":4,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198072978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565649","display_name":"Soil pH","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017609252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104821684","display_name":"Soil enzyme","level":4,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776475172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034420","display_name":"Soil quality","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121923324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681004","display_name":"Subsoil","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8409000039100647,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972140132","https://openalex.org/W2009770695","https://openalex.org/W2043307905","https://openalex.org/W2046273286","https://openalex.org/W2066459710","https://openalex.org/W2104005424","https://openalex.org/W2110406941","https://openalex.org/W2118554039","https://openalex.org/W2127885277","https://openalex.org/W2138207057","https://openalex.org/W2253902135","https://openalex.org/W2470003525","https://openalex.org/W2767306572","https://openalex.org/W2989938841","https://openalex.org/W3187695517","https://openalex.org/W4281477309","https://openalex.org/W4315779861","https://openalex.org/W4386619027","https://openalex.org/W4392542549","https://openalex.org/W4400136508","https://openalex.org/W4400171939","https://openalex.org/W4401412110","https://openalex.org/W4401449011","https://openalex.org/W4402198866","https://openalex.org/W4403093596","https://openalex.org/W4410286177","https://openalex.org/W4411699337","https://openalex.org/W4415241546","https://openalex.org/W4416188204","https://openalex.org/W7109145197","https://openalex.org/W7134837982","https://openalex.org/W7161490180","https://openalex.org/W7168301395","https://openalex.org/W7213658771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416188204","https://openalex.org/W7167673588","https://openalex.org/W2891244310","https://openalex.org/W4416703608","https://openalex.org/W2041567040","https://openalex.org/W2997759207","https://openalex.org/W7129583347","https://openalex.org/W7219820941","https://openalex.org/W3171480696","https://openalex.org/W2401343879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Afforestation":[0],"of":[1,34,49,148],"saline\u2013alkali":[2],"tidal":[3,41],"flats":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,39],"key":[7],"ecological":[8],"engineering":[9],"measure":[10],"to":[11,72,101,112],"mitigate":[12],"soil":[13,26,55,135,174],"degradation;":[14],"however,":[15],"the":[16,45,129,145,149,177],"pathways":[17],"through":[18],"which":[19,84,197],"different":[20],"plantation":[21,36,126,158],"types":[22,37,159],"drive":[23],"changes":[24],"in":[25,44,60,194],"multifunctionality":[27,82,161,193],"remain":[28],"unclear.":[29],"We":[30],"selected":[31],"15-year-old":[32],"stands":[33],"10":[35],"and":[38,52,57,65,80,91,105,128,141,169,185,205],"bare":[40],"flat":[42],"(CK)":[43],"Dafeng":[46],"Forest":[47],"Farm":[48],"northern":[50],"Jiangsu":[51],"measured":[53],"20":[54],"physicochemical":[56],"biological":[58],"indicators":[59],"three":[61],"layers":[62],"(0\u201320,":[63],"20\u201340,":[64],"40\u201360":[66],"cm).":[67],"Z-score":[68,122,131],"standardization":[69],"was":[70],"used":[71],"construct":[73],"carbon":[74],"sequestration,":[75],"nutrient":[76],"cycling,":[77],"enzyme":[78,120],"activity,":[79],"comprehensive":[81,130,150],"indices,":[83],"were":[85],"analyzed":[86],"via":[87],"two-way":[88],"ANOVA,":[89],"SHAP,":[90],"PLS-PM.":[92],"After":[93],"afforestation,":[94],"topsoil":[95],"electrical":[96],"conductivity":[97],"decreased":[98],"from":[99,110],"4563":[100],"83\u2013202":[102],"\u00b5S":[103],"cm\u22121":[104],"mean":[106],"weight":[107],"diameter":[108],"increased":[109],"0.17":[111],"0.27\u20130.56":[113],"mm":[114],"(both":[115],"p":[116],"<":[117],"0.001).":[118],"The":[119],"activity":[121],"differed":[123],"significantly":[124,133],"among":[125],"types,":[127],"declined":[132],"with":[134],"depth.":[136],"SHAP":[137],"identified":[138],"R0.25,":[139],"MWD,":[140],"bulk":[142],"density":[143],"as":[144],"dominant":[146],"drivers":[147],"Z-score.":[151],"PLS-PM":[152],"(GOF":[153],"=":[154],"0.615)":[155],"showed":[156,188],"that":[157],"enhanced":[160],"mainly":[162],"by":[163],"reducing":[164],"salinity\u2013alkalinity":[165],"(path":[166],"coefficient":[167],"0.96)":[168],"improving":[170,192],"aggregate":[171],"structure,":[172],"whereas":[173],"depth":[175],"exerted":[176],"largest":[178],"total":[179],"negative":[180],"effect":[181],"(\u22120.84).":[182],"U.":[183],"thomasii":[184],"P.":[186],"tomentosa":[187],"preliminary":[189],"potential":[190],"for":[191],"this":[195],"study,":[196],"requires":[198],"verification":[199],"across":[200],"additional":[201],"sites,":[202],"stand":[203],"ages,":[204],"seasons.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}