{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225635596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","title":"DEM study of burden distribution and segregation in an electrical smelting furnace","display_name":"DEM study of burden distribution and segregation in an electrical smelting furnace","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225635596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921883126003134/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9304834","display_name":"Advanced Powder Technology","issn_l":"0921-8831","issn":["0921-8831","1568-5527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Powder Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921883126003134/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042458088","display_name":"Binguang Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7485-0246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7485-0246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binguang Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074909812","display_name":"Dazhao Gou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6265-9983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6265-9983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dazhao Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057474338","display_name":"Zhouzun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-8071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-8071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouzun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-8071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088362770","display_name":"John Gordon Mathieson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-1728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-1728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John G Mathieson","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066843115","display_name":"Yansong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-8805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-8805"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yansong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-8805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCoPE Lab for Green Metals, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066843115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"12","first_page":"105477","last_page":"105477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.7842000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.1720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7835000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6758000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6022999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157247726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748405","display_name":"Smelting","level":2,"score":0.5623999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192795","display_name":"Coke","level":2,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171872576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902783","display_name":"Discrete element method","level":2,"score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780269488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181485","display_name":"Blast furnace","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132235601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394001","display_name":"Electrical contacts","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60448018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2054937","display_name":"Particle-size distribution","level":3,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50067584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648","display_name":"Electrical mobility","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18459110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171293","display_name":"Mixing ratio","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921883126003134/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9304834","display_name":"Advanced Powder Technology","issn_l":"0921-8831","issn":["0921-8831","1568-5527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Powder Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2026.105477","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921883126003134/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9304834","display_name":"Advanced Powder Technology","issn_l":"0921-8831","issn":["0921-8831","1568-5527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Powder Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225635596.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225635596.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1780926925","https://openalex.org/W1974406304","https://openalex.org/W1976628451","https://openalex.org/W1981582756","https://openalex.org/W1986194176","https://openalex.org/W1998407081","https://openalex.org/W2010136721","https://openalex.org/W2025491981","https://openalex.org/W2033362058","https://openalex.org/W2036193486","https://openalex.org/W2059341867","https://openalex.org/W2073752358","https://openalex.org/W2082045852","https://openalex.org/W2095436970","https://openalex.org/W2133505391","https://openalex.org/W2418701235","https://openalex.org/W2513162229","https://openalex.org/W2567381905","https://openalex.org/W2620690273","https://openalex.org/W2778919369","https://openalex.org/W2795061470","https://openalex.org/W2883473778","https://openalex.org/W2886089347","https://openalex.org/W2889611142","https://openalex.org/W2938273896","https://openalex.org/W2943746802","https://openalex.org/W2965208434","https://openalex.org/W2995960023","https://openalex.org/W3005783331","https://openalex.org/W3007044855","https://openalex.org/W3043003244","https://openalex.org/W3136378311","https://openalex.org/W3154713775","https://openalex.org/W3199407386","https://openalex.org/W4283260342","https://openalex.org/W4307086334","https://openalex.org/W4311752794","https://openalex.org/W4376256341","https://openalex.org/W4382128230","https://openalex.org/W4392432728","https://openalex.org/W4396513372","https://openalex.org/W4402943177","https://openalex.org/W4407877869","https://openalex.org/W4415503024"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,87,123,162],"electric":[1],"smelting":[2],"furnace":[3],"(ESF)":[4],"is":[5,36,128],"emerging":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,108,114,136,172,176],"low-carbon":[9],"alternative":[10],"to":[11,158,171],"conventional":[12],"blast":[13],"furnaces,":[14],"but":[15],"particle":[16,46,56,92,134],"segregation":[17,47],"in":[18,33,98],"the":[19,30,34,39,84,142,150,153],"burden":[20,168],"has":[21],"not":[22],"yet":[23],"been":[24],"well":[25],"understood.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"work,":[29],"charging":[31,60,85],"process":[32],"ESF":[35,52],"studied":[37],"and":[38,59,77,106,120,148,180],"effects":[40],"of":[41,70,125,132,139,152],"several":[42],"key":[43],"variables":[44],"on":[45],"are":[48,81],"quantified":[49],"under":[50],"industrial":[51],"conditions,":[53],"including":[54],"reductant":[55,71,78,91,101,117,133,154,183],"size,":[57],"metallisation":[58,126,140],"layout,":[61],"using":[62],"discrete":[63],"element":[64],"method":[65],"(DEM)":[66],"simulations.":[67],"distribution":[69,169],"mass":[72],"fractions,":[73],"Beaudry":[74],"mixing":[75,110,143,178],"indices,":[76],"contact":[79,118,155,184],"networks":[80],"analysed":[82],"during":[83],"process.":[86],"results":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90,131],"size":[93],"plays":[94],"an":[95],"important":[96],"role":[97],"segregation;":[99],"smaller":[100],"particles":[102],"mix":[103],"more":[104,115],"thoroughly":[105],"have":[107],"higher":[109,137,177],"index,":[111,144],"while":[112],"forming":[113],"extensive":[116],"network":[119,156],"minimising":[121],"segregation.":[122],"influence":[124],"degree":[127,138],"less":[129],"than":[130],"size:":[135],"reduces":[141],"indicating":[145],"increased":[146],"segregation,":[147],"decreases":[149],"extent":[151],"due":[157],"lower":[159],"coke":[160],"content.":[161],"two-port":[163],"feed":[164],"layout":[165],"significantly":[166],"improves":[167],"compared":[170],"single-port":[173],"feed,":[174],"with":[175],"index":[179],"shorter":[181],"dominant":[182],"chains.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T13:44:29.811591","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}