{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225635301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","title":"Regional Vulnerability to Brain Metastases Reflects Structural, Metabolic and Genetic Organization of the Healthy Brain","display_name":"Regional Vulnerability to Brain Metastases Reflects Structural, Metabolic and Genetic Organization of the Healthy Brain","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225635301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104320751","display_name":"Joseph I. Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2423-3451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2423-3451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph I Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2423-3451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072032490","display_name":"Ariel Arias","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel Arias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048959535","display_name":"Ross MacFadyen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross MacFadyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Harvard Medical School;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Harvard Medical School;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136263850","display_name":"Allen Y. Fu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Y Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066126749","display_name":"Raymond Y. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-797X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-797X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Y Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073840305","display_name":"Jay Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-795X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-795X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018608069","display_name":"Nayan Lamba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-6529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-6529","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7558-9207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayan Lamba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Brigham / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Brigham / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089122189","display_name":"Hesham M. Elhalawani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-2623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-2623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham Elhalawani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Brigham / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Brigham / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051390263","display_name":"Ayal Aaron Aizer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-188X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-188X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161994","display_name":"Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05rgrbr06","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayal A Aizer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Brigham / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Brigham / Dana-Farber Cancer Institute;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453","https://openalex.org/I4210161994","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161353900","display_name":"Aaron Y Schwieger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Y Schwieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital and University of Zurich;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital and University of Zurich;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009730024","display_name":"Fabian Wolpert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-8736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-8736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Wolpert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital and University of Zurich;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital and University of Zurich;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072688519","display_name":"Marian Galovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-071X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-071X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Galovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital and University of Zurich;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital and University of Zurich;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136663268","display_name":"Michael Weller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-174X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-174X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Weller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hospital and University of Zurich;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hospital and University of Zurich;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067709692","display_name":"Kenneth Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-2601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-2601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110549323","display_name":"Michael E. Pacold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-2378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-2378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E Pacold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060570681","display_name":"Eric Karl Oermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-5963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-5963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric K Oermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067883897","display_name":"Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-0923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-0923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic LWVJ Schaper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Harvard Medical School;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Harvard Medical School;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076375446","display_name":"Douglas Kondziolka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086933","display_name":"NYU Langone Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005dvqh91","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Kondziolka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Langone Health;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11600","display_name":"Brain Metastases and Treatment","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11600","display_name":"Brain Metastases and Treatment","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12108","display_name":"Management of metastatic bone disease","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-metastases","display_name":"brain metastases","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-perfusion","display_name":"cerebral perfusion","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-glucose-metabolism","display_name":"brain glucose metabolism","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-density","display_name":"mitochondrial density","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-maps","display_name":"gene expression maps","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lag-3","display_name":"LAG-3","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint","display_name":"immune checkpoint","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-microstructure","display_name":"brain microstructure","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-vasculature","display_name":"cerebral vasculature","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-transcriptomics","display_name":"spatial transcriptomics","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastatic-colonization","display_name":"metastatic colonization","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.5257999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778164965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620196","display_name":"Brain metastasis","level":4,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38190001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778227246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365309","display_name":"Glioma","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779130545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233309","display_name":"Brain tumor","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29537977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188941","display_name":"Cell cycle","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.06.26367469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167230140","https://openalex.org/W4405768726","https://openalex.org/W7223981815","https://openalex.org/W4416139702","https://openalex.org/W2891574828","https://openalex.org/W4410396301","https://openalex.org/W7111556378","https://openalex.org/W4395695434","https://openalex.org/W2067741159","https://openalex.org/W3125490979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Brain":[1],"metastases":[2,162],"(BMs),":[3],"the":[4,14,30,43,49,100,108,125,173,183],"most":[5,186],"common":[6],"intracranial":[7,166],"tumor,":[8],"do":[9],"not":[10],"distribute":[11],"uniformly":[12],"throughout":[13],"brain,":[15],"but":[16],"instead":[17],"preferentially":[18],"localize":[19],"to":[20,39,133,161,164,213],"specific":[21,160],"regions.":[22],"Building":[23],"on":[24],"known":[25],"associations":[26,170],"with":[27,71,115,156,189],"perfusion":[28],"and":[29,45,68,81,112,121,135,159,234,251],"gray-white":[31,109],"matter":[32,110],"junction,":[33],"we":[34,60,150],"hypothesized":[35],"that":[36,227],"regional":[37,247],"vulnerability":[38,158,191,229],"BMs":[40],"also":[41,205],"reflects":[42,230],"cellular":[44,126],"molecular":[46],"organization":[47,233],"of":[48,57,65,74,95],"healthy":[50,147,231],"brain.":[51],"Methods:":[52],"In":[53,99],"a":[54,62,237,243],"discovery":[55,101],"cohort":[56,94],"1,406":[58],"patients,":[59],"generated":[61],"voxelwise":[63],"map":[64],"BM":[66,103,128,157,228],"distribution":[67],"compared":[69],"it":[70],"normative":[72,140],"atlases":[73],"brain":[75,148,209,215,232,248],"microstructure,":[76],"vasculature,":[77],"metabolism,":[78,120],"cell-type":[79],"composition,":[80],"gene":[82,141,179],"expression.":[83],"Associations":[84],"were":[85],"tested":[86,195],"for":[87],"replication":[88],"in":[89,113,172,207,217],"an":[90,218],"independent":[91,219],"multicenter":[92],"validation":[93,174],"1,209":[96],"patients.":[97],"Results:":[98],"cohort,":[102],"frequency":[104,129],"was":[105,130,204],"higher":[106],"near":[107],"junction":[111],"regions":[114],"greater":[116],"cerebral":[117],"perfusion,":[118],"glucose":[119],"mitochondrial":[122],"density.":[123],"At":[124],"level,":[127],"inversely":[131],"related":[132],"astrocyte":[134],"microglial":[136],"transcriptional":[137],"signatures.":[138],"Using":[139],"expression":[142,203],"maps":[143],"derived":[144],"from":[145],"postmortem":[146],"tissue,":[149],"identified":[151],"17":[152],"genes":[153,185,194],"spatially":[154],"associated":[155,188],"relative":[163,212],"other":[165],"lesion":[167],"types.":[168],"These":[169,224],"replicated":[171],"cohort.":[175],"The":[176],"immune":[177,240,249],"checkpoint":[178],"LAG3":[180,202],"ranked":[181],"among":[182],"ten":[184],"positively":[187],"metastatic":[190,252],"across":[192],"all":[193],"(r":[196],"=":[197],"0.40-0.45,":[198],"p":[199],"<":[200],"0.001).":[201],"elevated":[206],"peritumoral":[208],"metastasis":[210],"tissue":[211,216],"control":[214],"spatial":[220],"transcriptomic":[221],"dataset.":[222],"Conclusions:":[223],"findings":[225],"suggest":[226],"identify":[235],"LAG-3,":[236],"clinically":[238],"targetable":[239],"checkpoint,":[241],"as":[242],"candidate":[244],"link":[245],"between":[246],"biology":[250],"colonization.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
