{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225635000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","title":"Investigating Biological Aging Measures, Neurocognitive Performance, and Depressive Symptoms: Moderating Effects of HIV and Childhood Maltreatment","display_name":"Investigating Biological Aging Measures, Neurocognitive Performance, and Depressive Symptoms: Moderating Effects of HIV and Childhood Maltreatment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225635000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158931351","display_name":"Kabelo Mabokane Simon Maloka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-7809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-7809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kabelo Mabokane Simon Maloka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellenbosch University;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-7809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040360312","display_name":"Georgina Spies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-2813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-2813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgina Spies","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-2813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087642110","display_name":"Stefan S. du Plessis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-4367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-4367","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-5731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan du Plessis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellenbosch University;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-5731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012656680","display_name":"Sian M. J. Hemmings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-1017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-1017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellenbosch University;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-1017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003954254","display_name":"Scott Lee Letendre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-4975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-4975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Letendre","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-4975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002528924","display_name":"Soraya Seedat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-786X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-786X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soraya Seedat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stellenbosch University;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-786X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009033059","display_name":"Jacqueline Samantha Womersley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-4505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-4505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Samantha Womersley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-4505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.7080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.7080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-abuse","display_name":"child abuse","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-aging","display_name":"biological aging","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telomere-length","display_name":"telomere length","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dna-copy-number","display_name":"mitochondrial DNA copy number","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-age-acceleration","display_name":"epigenetic age acceleration","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychological-performance","display_name":"neuropsychological performance","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-symptoms","display_name":"depressive symptoms","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-deficit-score","display_name":"global deficit score","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-living-with-hiv","display_name":"women living with HIV","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderating-effect","display_name":"moderating effect","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172467417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1670397","display_name":"Neurocognitive","level":3,"score":0.8934999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177336024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14872779","display_name":"Telomere","level":3,"score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908780919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Cellular Aging","level":4,"score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190727270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745","display_name":"DNA methylation","level":4,"score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24586158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075","display_name":"Mitochondrial DNA","level":3,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084257","display_name":"Serostatus","level":4,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.26367522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7222470439","https://openalex.org/W3170625399","https://openalex.org/W3195029981","https://openalex.org/W2271634742","https://openalex.org/W7140408672","https://openalex.org/W4285377948","https://openalex.org/W4391898144","https://openalex.org/W4376598240","https://openalex.org/W4281807573","https://openalex.org/W4225091434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Neurocognitive":[1,126],"impairment":[2],"and":[3,12,38,68,71,106,118,122,135,162,173,201,214,239,279],"depression":[4,240],"remain":[5],"common":[6],"among":[7],"people":[8],"with":[9,47,50,146,160,165,183,195,208,257],"HIV":[10,73,171,191,229],"(PWH),":[11],"childhood":[13],"maltreatment":[14],"(CM)":[15],"may":[16],"further":[17],"increase":[18],"vulnerability.":[19],"In":[20,82],"this":[21,83],"cohort,":[22],"we":[23,251],"previously":[24],"reported":[25],"that":[26],"PWH":[27],"exhibited":[28],"shorter":[29],"absolute":[30,95],"telomere":[31,96],"length,":[32,97],"lower":[33],"MRI-based":[34,102],"brain-predicted":[35,103],"age":[36,41,104],"difference,":[37,105],"greater":[39],"epigenetic":[40,121,124,203],"acceleration":[42],"(AA)":[43],"compared":[44],"to":[45,65,272],"controls,":[46],"limited":[48,253],"associations":[49,159,220],"CM":[51,76,174,231],"severity.":[52,175],"Building":[53],"on":[54],"this,":[55],"the":[56,147,233],"present":[57],"study":[58,84],"examines":[59],"whether":[60,72,274],"these":[61,219,275],"markers":[62,179,238,276],"are":[63,270],"linked":[64],"neurocognitive":[66,185,258,278],"performance":[67,127,186,259],"depressive":[69,163,188,261],"symptoms,":[70,164,262],"status":[74,172],"or":[75,187,260],"severity":[77],"moderates":[78],"such":[79],"associations.":[80],"Methods:":[81],"of":[85,255],"238":[86],"women":[87],"(122":[88],"PWH),":[89],"biological":[90,236,245],"aging":[91,178,237,246],"was":[92,128,205],"assessed":[93,145],"using":[94,130],"mitochondrial":[98,197],"DNA":[99,107,198],"copy":[100,199],"number,":[101],"methylation":[108],"AA":[109,204],"measures,":[110],"including":[111],"Horvath,":[112],"Hannum,":[113],"PhenoAge,":[114],"Horvath":[115],"intrinsic":[116,120],"epigenetic,":[117],"Hannum":[119],"extrinsic":[123,202],"AA.":[125],"measured":[129],"a":[131],"standardised":[132],"assessment":[133],"battery":[134],"global":[136],"deficit":[137],"scores":[138],"(GDS)":[139],"were":[140,144,180],"derived.":[141],"Depressive":[142],"symptoms":[143],"Centre":[148],"for":[149,225],"Epidemiologic":[150],"Studies":[151],"-":[152],"Depression":[153],"Scale.":[154],"Linear":[155],"regression":[156],"models":[157,167],"examined":[158],"GDS":[161,210],"interaction":[166],"evaluating":[168],"moderation":[169],"by":[170],"Results:":[176],"Biological":[177],"not":[181,222],"associated":[182,207],"either":[184],"symptoms.":[189],"Though":[190],"infection":[192],"in":[193,249],"combination":[194],"higher":[196,209],"number":[200],"nominally":[206],"(p":[211],"=":[212,216],"0.012":[213],"p":[215],"0.047,":[217],"respectively),":[218],"did":[221],"survive":[223],"correction":[224],"multiple":[226],"testing.":[227],"Neither":[228],"nor":[230],"moderated":[232],"association":[234,256],"between":[235],"scores.":[241],"Conclusions:":[242],"Despite":[243],"accelerated":[244],"being":[247],"evident":[248],"PWH,":[250],"found":[252],"evidence":[254],"underscoring":[263],"their":[264],"multifactorial":[265],"nature.":[266],"Larger":[267],"longitudinal":[268],"studies":[269],"needed":[271],"determine":[273],"predict":[277],"psychiatric":[280],"trajectories.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}