{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225634949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","title":"Esophageal 24-Hour Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance-pH Monitoring Characteristics in Children with Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, or Chest Symptoms: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Esophageal 24-Hour Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance-pH Monitoring Characteristics in Children with Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, or Chest Symptoms: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225634949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/children13111545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100786560","display_name":"Qi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4451-9699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4451-9699","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3788-8548","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-1956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113495","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/025fyfd20","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiancheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4451-9699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135218789","display_name":"Ziyu Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113495","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/025fyfd20","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161306975","display_name":"Jingyi Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113495","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/025fyfd20","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014975219","display_name":"Mizu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113495","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/025fyfd20","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mizu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-2041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, National Children\u2019s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014975219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113495","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1545","last_page":"1545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease","display_name":"gastroesophageal reflux disease","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multichannel-intraluminal-impedance-ph-monitoring","display_name":"multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-reflux","display_name":"pediatric reflux","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-symptoms","display_name":"respiratory symptoms","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-symptoms","display_name":"chest symptoms","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-symptoms","display_name":"gastrointestinal symptoms","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weakly-acidic-reflux","display_name":"weakly acidic reflux","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximal-reflux","display_name":"proximal reflux","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants","display_name":"infants","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation-bias","display_name":"interpretation bias","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.867900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43270747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898610","display_name":"Reflux","level":3,"score":0.7803999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779949763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4446828","display_name":"Esophageal pH monitoring","level":5,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912193","display_name":"Esophageal disease","level":3,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777819096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173710","display_name":"Esophagus","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778704086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693058","display_name":"Chest pain","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C986699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97834683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942508","display_name":"Thorax (insect anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/children13111545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/children13111545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/children13111545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736895435","display_name":"Children","issn_l":"2227-9067","issn":["2227-9067"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Children","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991139039","https://openalex.org/W2017433156","https://openalex.org/W2059526876","https://openalex.org/W2167789224","https://openalex.org/W2182760264","https://openalex.org/W2507182627","https://openalex.org/W2510804250","https://openalex.org/W2531270991","https://openalex.org/W2742157474","https://openalex.org/W2752098013","https://openalex.org/W2763032770","https://openalex.org/W2766252939","https://openalex.org/W2912101503","https://openalex.org/W2936531782","https://openalex.org/W3039391496","https://openalex.org/W3048384049","https://openalex.org/W3173008148","https://openalex.org/W3216394740","https://openalex.org/W4365517845","https://openalex.org/W4405808711","https://openalex.org/W4413615436","https://openalex.org/W4414865776","https://openalex.org/W4415815786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402096309","https://openalex.org/W2022464030","https://openalex.org/W2063383768","https://openalex.org/W2977519543","https://openalex.org/W2081905544","https://openalex.org/W2531270991","https://openalex.org/W2345344088","https://openalex.org/W7136055145","https://openalex.org/W7128166874","https://openalex.org/W4401988711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Children":[1,220],"referred":[2],"for":[3,87,160],"assessment":[4],"of":[5,100,131,172,204,254,264],"suspected":[6],"gastroesophageal":[7],"reflux":[8,27,108,112,192,207,236],"disease":[9],"(GERD)":[10],"may":[11],"present":[12],"predominantly":[13,222],"with":[14,59,62,66,79,181,223,240],"gastrointestinal,":[15,60],"respiratory,":[16,63],"or":[17,120,163,225,234],"chest":[18,67,121,164,226],"symptoms.":[19,68,242],"This":[20,34],"study":[21,38],"compared":[22],"multichannel":[23],"intraluminal":[24],"impedance-pH":[25],"(MII-pH)":[26],"characteristics":[28],"across":[29],"these":[30],"presenting-symptom":[31],"groups.":[32],"Methods:":[33],"single-center":[35],"retrospective":[36],"cross-sectional":[37],"included":[39,52,177],"202":[40],"children":[41,54,101,180],"monitored":[42],"between":[43,117],"September":[44],"2024":[45],"and":[46,64,81,84,90,110,124,158,258],"June":[47],"2026.":[48],"The":[49],"principal":[50,98],"comparison":[51,99],"157":[53],"aged":[55,102],"\u22651":[56,103],"year:":[57],"32":[58],"86":[61],"39":[65],"Forty-one":[69],"infants":[70],"were":[71],"analyzed":[72],"separately.":[73],"Group":[74],"comparisons":[75],"used":[76],"nonparametric":[77],"tests,":[78],"age-":[80],"sex-adjusted":[82],"median":[83],"logistic":[85],"regression":[86],"continuous":[88],"outcomes":[89],"abnormal":[91,132,245],"monitoring":[92],"classifications,":[93],"respectively.":[94],"Results:":[95],"In":[96,168],"the":[97,105,118,125,129,136,143,161,173,184,201],"year,":[104],"weakly":[106,190,205,232],"acidic":[107,191,206,233],"proportion":[109,130,193],"proximal":[111,235],"ratio":[113],"did":[114,209,228],"not":[115,210,229,260],"differ":[116,211],"respiratory":[119,162,224],"symptoms":[122,165,227],"group":[123,145,186],"gastrointestinal":[126,144,182,241],"group.":[127],"However,":[128],"classifications":[133,248],"recorded":[134],"in":[135,142,244,268],"original":[137],"clinical":[138],"reports":[139],"was":[140],"higher":[141,189,231],"(84.4%":[146],"vs.":[147,149,195,214],"32.6%":[148],"38.5%,":[150],"p":[151,197,216],"<":[152],"0.001;":[153],"adjusted":[154],"odds":[155],"ratios":[156],"0.064":[157],"0.093":[159],"groups,":[166],"respectively).":[167],"an":[169],"exploratory":[170],"analysis":[171],"infant":[174],"cohort,":[175],"which":[176],"only":[178],"seven":[179],"symptoms,":[183],"non-gastrointestinal-symptom":[185],"had":[187],"a":[188],"(83.6%":[194],"62.9%,":[196],"=":[198,217],"0.008),":[199],"whereas":[200],"absolute":[202],"number":[203],"events":[208],"significantly":[212],"(36.0":[213],"61.0,":[215],"0.093).":[218],"Conclusions:":[219],"presenting":[221],"exhibit":[230],"proportions":[237],"than":[238],"those":[239],"Differences":[243],"report-based":[246],"MII-pH":[247],"should":[249,259],"be":[250,261],"interpreted":[251],"cautiously":[252],"because":[253],"potential":[255],"interpretation":[256],"bias":[257],"considered":[262],"evidence":[263],"independently":[265],"confirmed":[266],"differences":[267],"GERD":[269],"prevalence.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
