{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225633548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","title":"Impact of Graphic Images and Violence on Audience Psychology and Risk Perception","display_name":"Impact of Graphic Images and Violence on Audience Psychology and Risk Perception","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225633548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221116","display_name":"Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal","issn_l":"2685-1989","issn":["2685-1989","2685-3868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124077955","display_name":"Atinuke Olubukade Akintayo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280533721","display_name":"Caleb University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z44m407","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280533721"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atinuke Olubukade Akintayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Mass Communication, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Mass Communication, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280533721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147239408","display_name":"Okuchemiya Success","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257058","display_name":"Federal Polytechnic Orogun","ror":"https://ror.org/04v90xq82","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257058"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okuchemiya Success","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mass Communication  School of Communications and Applied Arts, Federal Polytechnic Orogun, Delta State"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mass Communication  School of Communications and Applied Arts, Federal Polytechnic Orogun, Delta State","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257058"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.38429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.38429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.06499999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.05119999870657921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphic-violence","display_name":"graphic violence","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-against-children","display_name":"violence against children","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twitter","display_name":"Twitter","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audience-psychology","display_name":"audience psychology","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"risk perception","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-aggression-model","display_name":"General Aggression Model","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desensitization","display_name":"desensitization","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-and-anxiety","display_name":"fear and anxiety","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-trust","display_name":"institutional trust","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-restrictions","display_name":"content restrictions","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platform-moderation","display_name":"platform moderation","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-literacy","display_name":"media literacy","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7271999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797","display_name":"Aggression","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558299567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11033","display_name":"Mass media","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017634809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84862664","display_name":"Risk communication","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188255311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256388","display_name":"Psychological research","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221116","display_name":"Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal","issn_l":"2685-1989","issn":["2685-1989","2685-3868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221116","display_name":"Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal","issn_l":"2685-1989","issn":["2685-1989","2685-3868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221116","display_name":"Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal","issn_l":"2685-1989","issn":["2685-1989","2685-3868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971695681","https://openalex.org/W7220578841","https://openalex.org/W7115098644","https://openalex.org/W2161329564","https://openalex.org/W2532761361","https://openalex.org/W2562881634","https://openalex.org/W7224833101","https://openalex.org/W3083965192","https://openalex.org/W2311293279","https://openalex.org/W7126085407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,182],"rapid":[1],"spread":[2],"of":[3,16,37,50,104,142],"unfiltered":[4],"graphic":[5,218],"images":[6],"and":[7,27,47,54,90,93,95,130,152,165,191,212],"violent":[8],"content":[9,42,163],"on":[10,24,43,62],"X":[11],"(formerly":[12],"Twitter),":[13],"especially":[14],"depictions":[15],"violence":[17],"against":[18],"children,":[19,143],"raises":[20],"concern":[21],"about":[22],"effects":[23],"audience":[25],"psychology":[26],"risk":[28,48,193],"perception":[29,134,194],"in":[30,85],"Nigeria.":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33,68,183],"examined":[34],"the":[35,44,63,67],"impact":[36],"repeated":[38,186],"exposure":[39,187],"to":[40,83],"such":[41,176],"psychological":[45,119,189],"states":[46],"perceptions":[49],"Nigerian":[51,197],"undergraduate":[52],"students,":[53],"assessed":[55],"their":[56],"attitudes":[57],"toward":[58],"its":[59],"circulation.":[60],"Anchored":[61],"General":[64],"Aggression":[65],"Model,":[66],"employed":[69],"a":[70],"quantitative":[71],"cross-sectional":[72],"survey":[73],"design.":[74],"Using":[75],"multistage":[76],"cluster":[77],"sampling,":[78],"368":[79],"questionnaires":[80],"were":[81,111,159],"administered":[82],"students":[84],"Mass":[86],"Communication,":[87],"Political":[88],"Science":[89],"International":[91],"Relations,":[92],"Criminology":[94],"Security":[96],"Studies":[97],"at":[98,149],"Caleb":[99],"University,":[100],"Lagos.":[101],"A":[102],"total":[103],"313":[105],"valid":[106],"responses":[107],"(85%":[108],"response":[109],"rate)":[110],"analysed":[112],"with":[113,137],"descriptive":[114],"statistics.":[115],"Findings":[116],"showed":[117],"adverse":[118],"effects:":[120],"76.0%":[121],"reported":[122,175],"anxiety":[123],"or":[124,128],"fear,":[125],"77.9%":[126],"sadness":[127],"grief,":[129],"70.0%":[131],"desensitisation.":[132],"Risk":[133],"rose":[135],"markedly,":[136],"82.4%":[138],"becoming":[139],"more":[140],"protective":[141],"79.2%":[144],"viewing":[145],"community":[146],"children":[147],"as":[148],"higher":[150],"risk,":[151],"68.4%":[153],"reporting":[154,205],"reduced":[155],"institutional":[156,209],"trust.":[157],"Attitudes":[158],"mixed;":[160],"79.5%":[161],"favoured":[162],"restriction":[164],"76.7%":[166],"supported":[167],"accountability":[168],"for":[169],"sharers,":[170],"yet":[171],"only":[172],"40.3%":[173],"had":[174],"content,":[177],"revealing":[178],"an":[179],"attitude\u2013behaviour":[180],"gap.":[181],"concludes":[184],"that":[185,216],"harms":[188],"well-being":[190],"heightens":[192],"among":[195],"young":[196],"users.":[198],"It":[199],"recommends":[200],"stronger":[201],"platform":[202],"moderation,":[203],"accessible":[204],"tools,":[206],"media-literacy":[207],"programmes,":[208],"trust-building":[210],"efforts,":[211],"ethical":[213],"advocacy":[214],"guidelines":[215],"avoid":[217],"imagery.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
