{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225633136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","title":"Exploration of New-Generation Herbicide Combination for Direct-Seeded Rice Cultivation in India","display_name":"Exploration of New-Generation Herbicide Combination for Direct-Seeded Rice Cultivation in India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225633136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043403744","display_name":"Arijit Garai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arijit Garai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005102743","display_name":"Biswajit Pramanick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-8340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-8340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biswajit Pramanick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041213526","display_name":"Dhirendra Kumar Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7092-8154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7092-8154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhirendra K. Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530243","display_name":"Santosh Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-0294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-0294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76253773","display_name":"Central Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rs2w544","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay College of Horticulture & Forestry, Piprakothi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-0294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay College of Horticulture & Forestry, Piprakothi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586","https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085205361","display_name":"N\u0131lanjaya Nilanjaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-0916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-0916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nilanjaya Choudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-0916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157552132","display_name":"Vipin Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vipin Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075731476","display_name":"Md. Abbas Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Abbas Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005102743","display_name":"Biswajit Pramanick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-8340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-8340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205665586","display_name":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/0056jkv70","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76253773","display_name":"Central Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rs2w544","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. K. Ranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-8340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586","https://openalex.org/I76253773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005102743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205665586"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"3486","last_page":"3486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423895","display_name":"Pendimethalin","level":3,"score":0.9761999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.817799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7786999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.7731999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778998384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161224","display_name":"Cyperus","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55347375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267963","display_name":"Cultural control","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971425685","https://openalex.org/W2156085609","https://openalex.org/W3004090701","https://openalex.org/W3044120262","https://openalex.org/W3080442490","https://openalex.org/W3130416631","https://openalex.org/W3201783528","https://openalex.org/W4389955981","https://openalex.org/W4400974658","https://openalex.org/W4402822104","https://openalex.org/W4403730978","https://openalex.org/W4403914320","https://openalex.org/W4406411314","https://openalex.org/W4406739242","https://openalex.org/W4413075972","https://openalex.org/W4413251661","https://openalex.org/W4415987979","https://openalex.org/W7133325540","https://openalex.org/W7133508212","https://openalex.org/W7162341853"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weed":[0],"management":[1,108,279],"has":[2,22],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,76,134,151],"the":[5,9,32,50,63,95,112,126,159,167,175,187,200,242,268],"main":[6,33],"constraint":[7,34],"to":[8,35,57,267],"successful":[10],"adoption":[11],"of":[12,53,65,205,214,233,250],"climate-resilient":[13,38],"dry":[14,281],"direct-seeded":[15,27,282],"rice":[16,28,264,283],"(DDSR)":[17,284],"in":[18,25,69,94,99,123,280,285],"India.":[19,286],"Entire-crop":[20],"failure":[21],"been":[23,91],"reported":[24],"many":[26],"cases,":[29],"which":[30,88,236],"is":[31,275],"adopting":[36],"this":[37,272],"technology":[39],"among":[40],"Indian":[41],"farmers.":[42],"A":[43],"two-year":[44],"field":[45],"experiment":[46],"was":[47,104,186,237],"conducted":[48],"during":[49],"rainy":[51],"seasons":[52],"2023":[54],"and":[55,80,120,172,203,217,222,228,262],"2024":[56],"identify":[58],"effective":[59,161,189,258],"herbicide":[60,127,273],"combinations":[61,128],"for":[62,277],"control":[64,118,164,212,261],"diverse":[66],"weed":[67,107,113,115,117,163,170,211,260,278],"flora":[68],"DDSR.":[70,124],"The":[71,247],"conventionally":[72],"recommended":[73,276],"herbicides":[74,83],"such":[75],"bispyribac-sodium,":[77],"pyrazosulfuron-ethyl,":[78],"etc.,":[79,87],"recently":[81],"introduced":[82],"like":[84],"florpyrauxifen-benzyl,":[85],"triafamone,":[86],"have":[89],"not":[90],"explored":[92],"extensively":[93],"DDSR":[96],"production":[97],"system":[98],"India,":[100],"were":[101],"evaluated.":[102],"It":[103],"found":[105],"that":[106],"practices":[109],"considerably":[110],"influenced":[111],"density,":[114],"biomass,":[116],"efficiency,":[119],"grain":[121,231],"yield":[122,232],"Among":[125],"evaluated,":[129],"pendimethalin":[130,180,193,251],"at":[131,141,148,153,219,239],"1000":[132],"g/ha":[133,143,150],"pre-emergence":[135],"followed":[136,181,194,252],"by":[137,165,182,195,253],"florpyrauxifen-benzyl":[138,254],"(1.31%":[139],"w/w)":[140,147],"15.3":[142],"+":[144,184,197,255],"penoxsulam":[145,256],"(2.1%":[146],"20":[149],"post-emergence":[152],"25":[154],"days":[155,224],"after":[156,225],"sowing":[157],"provided":[158,257],"most":[160,188],"broad-spectrum":[162,259],"recording":[166],"lowest":[168,201],"overall":[169],"density":[171,202],"biomass":[173,204],"throughout":[174],"crop":[176],"growth":[177],"period.":[178],"Whereas":[179],"bispyribac-sodium":[183],"pyrazosulfuron-ethyl":[185],"against":[190],"Cyperus":[191],"spp.,":[192],"triafamone":[196],"ethoxysulfuron":[198],"recorded":[199,210],"Cynodon":[206],"dactylon.":[207],"Treatment":[208],"T4":[209],"efficiencies":[213],"88.0,":[215],"88.6,":[216],"85.0%":[218],"30,":[220],"60,":[221],"90":[223],"sowing,":[226],"respectively,":[227],"produced":[229],"a":[230],"4.67":[234],"Mg/ha,":[235],"statistically":[238],"par":[240],"with":[241],"weed-free":[243,269],"treatment":[244],"(4.80":[245],"Mg/ha).":[246],"sequential":[248],"application":[249],"maintained":[263],"productivity":[265],"comparable":[266],"treatment.":[270],"Therefore,":[271],"combination":[274]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T13:44:29.811591","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
