{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225631102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","title":"What Makes a Great Product Manager? Trait Language in 1,082 Job Postings","display_name":"What Makes a Great Product Manager? Trait Language in 1,082 Job Postings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225631102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016071661","display_name":"Arpit Ranjan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ranjan, Arpit","raw_affiliation_strings":["AllthingsPM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AllthingsPM","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016071661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.5166000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.5166000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12415","display_name":"Employer Branding and e-HRM","score":0.11760000139474869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-managers","display_name":"product managers","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-traits","display_name":"personality traits","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-advertisements","display_name":"job advertisements","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiring-criteria","display_name":"hiring criteria","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seniority","display_name":"seniority","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ownership","display_name":"ownership","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influence","display_name":"influence","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judgment","display_name":"judgment","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curiosity","display_name":"curiosity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"promotion","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiring-managers","display_name":"hiring managers","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-analysis","display_name":"keyword analysis","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779955035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686785","display_name":"Advice (programming)","level":2,"score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.5595999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94389720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42298454","display_name":"Greatness","level":2,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8868529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124794","display_name":"Taste","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930829","display_name":"Job description","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776587543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850171","display_name":"Job interview","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31173074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632514","display_name":"Attractiveness","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24072659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225649212","https://openalex.org/W7225661174","https://openalex.org/W2752198036","https://openalex.org/W7225633525","https://openalex.org/W3082898883","https://openalex.org/W600766660","https://openalex.org/W2786571389","https://openalex.org/W3216470014","https://openalex.org/W3131849176","https://openalex.org/W3045307532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advice":[0],"about":[1,218],"what":[2,204,209],"makes":[3,91,210],"a":[4,17,93,133,168,177,183],"great":[5],"product":[6,263],"manager":[7],"(PM)":[8],"is":[9,73,216,256],"plentiful":[10],"and":[11,32,58,62,85,124,138,154,156,190,213,266],"mostly":[12],"anecdotal.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15,215,244],"asks":[16],"narrower,":[18],"checkable":[19],"question:":[20],"which":[21,33,90],"personal":[22],"traits":[23,97],"do":[24],"employers":[25,205],"actually":[26],"write":[27],"into":[28],"PM":[29,43,172,223,240],"job":[30,231],"postings,":[31,78,232],"of":[34,77,82,141,171,185,237,252,259],"them":[35],"change":[36],"with":[37,67,88,119],"seniority?":[38],"I":[39,166],"analyse":[40],"1,082":[41],"unique":[42],"postings":[44],"at":[45],"165":[46,83,233],"companies,":[47],"harvested":[48],"on":[49],"9":[50],"November":[51,226],"2026":[52,227],"from":[53,100],"the":[54,101,105,139,142,148,214,238,254,257],"public":[55],"Greenhouse,":[56],"Ashby":[57],"Lever":[59],"job-board":[60],"APIs,":[61],"measure":[63],"thirteen":[64],"trait":[65],"families":[66],"transparent":[68],"keyword":[69],"rules.":[70],"Ownership":[71],"language":[72],"near":[74],"universal":[75],"(70.5%":[76],"used":[79],"by":[80],"152":[81],"companies)":[84],"barely":[86],"moves":[87,147],"level,":[89],"it":[92],"table":[94],"stake.":[95],"Four":[96],"rise":[98],"clearly":[99],"Entry+PM":[102],"band":[103],"to":[104,110,116,122,127,152],"Staff/Principal":[106],"band:":[107],"influence":[108,130],"(21.3%":[109],"48.7%),":[111],"bias":[112],"for":[113,135,174,197],"action":[114],"(19.9%":[115],"35.1%),":[117],"comfort":[118],"ambiguity":[120],"(38.5%":[121],"52.1%)":[123],"judgment":[125],"(24.7%":[126],"35.8%).":[128],"The":[129,201],"gap":[131],"survives":[132],"control":[134],"posting":[136],"length":[137],"removal":[140],"two":[143],"largest":[144],"employers.":[145],"Curiosity":[146],"other":[149],"way":[150],"(27.8%":[151],"17.0%),":[153],"taste":[155],"clear":[157],"writing":[158],"are":[159],"flat":[160],"or":[161],"U-shaped.":[162],"From":[163],"these":[164],"patterns":[165],"propose":[167],"three-layer":[169],"model":[170],"greatness":[173],"career":[175],"development:":[176],"floor":[178],"every":[179],"level":[180],"must":[181],"show,":[182],"set":[184],"separators":[186],"that":[187,193,219],"define":[188],"promotion,":[189],"early":[191],"signals":[192],"hiring":[194],"managers":[195],"screen":[196],"in":[198,270],"junior":[199],"candidates.":[200],"data":[202],"describe":[203],"ask":[206],"for,":[207],"not":[208],"PMs":[211],"succeed,":[212],"explicit":[217],"gap.":[220],"Data:":[221],"AllthingsPM":[222,239,249],"Hiring":[224,241],"Index,":[225],"(1,082":[228],"Product":[229],"Manager":[230],"companies),":[234],"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24072616.":[235],"Part":[236],"Index":[242],"working":[243],"series.":[245],"Author:":[246],"Arpit":[247],"Ranjan,":[248],"(allthingspm.app).":[250],"Conflict":[251],"interest:":[253],"author":[255],"founder":[258],"AllthingsPM,":[260],"an":[261],"AI":[262],"management":[264],"course":[265],"interview-practice":[267],"platform":[268],"mentioned":[269],"this":[271],"paper.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
