{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225630992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","title":"Dry-Process Polymer Toughening of High-Modulus Asphalt Mixtures: Rheological Response and Competitive Absorption","display_name":"Dry-Process Polymer Toughening of High-Modulus Asphalt Mixtures: Rheological Response and Competitive Absorption","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225630992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18212777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001885152","display_name":"Kaixin Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaixin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078875844","display_name":"Peixing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-3594","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-3594","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1003-0993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peixing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046238884","display_name":"Zhaohui Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-7808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-7808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161317731","display_name":"Jinxiang Hong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxiang Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Sobute New Material Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Sobute New Material Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046238884","https://openalex.org/A5078875844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"21","first_page":"2777","last_page":"2777"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-toughening","display_name":"polymer toughening","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-cracking-resistance","display_name":"low-temperature cracking resistance","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binder-rheology","display_name":"binder rheology","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-swelling","display_name":"polymer swelling","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rutting-resistance","display_name":"rutting resistance","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strain","display_name":"bending strain","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditioning-time","display_name":"conditioning time","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics-simulation","display_name":"molecular dynamics simulation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt-binder-modification","display_name":"asphalt binder modification","score":0.35199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8845000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.7200999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168056786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251","display_name":"Asphalt","level":2,"score":0.6665999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168314062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2550696","display_name":"Absorption of water","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41279357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466","display_name":"Shear modulus","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76893819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596937","display_name":"Rut","level":3,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777888453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30674616","display_name":"Toughening","level":3,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7055690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900639","display_name":"Dynamic mechanical analysis","level":3,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21141959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657936","display_name":"Shear stress","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116628846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899138","display_name":"Mass fraction","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518456604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899599","display_name":"Stress\u2013strain curve","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45262634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159291","display_name":"Conditioning","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191204318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246574","display_name":"Dynamic modulus","level":4,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18212777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/polym18212777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18212777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123288148","display_name":"Polymers","issn_l":"2073-4360","issn":["2073-4360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071675580","https://openalex.org/W2300061772","https://openalex.org/W2804589240","https://openalex.org/W2990088678","https://openalex.org/W2990273431","https://openalex.org/W3164951524","https://openalex.org/W3178830585","https://openalex.org/W3199653007","https://openalex.org/W3215402066","https://openalex.org/W4206479936","https://openalex.org/W4206800506","https://openalex.org/W4285797825","https://openalex.org/W4321498685","https://openalex.org/W4353091534","https://openalex.org/W4381684832","https://openalex.org/W4381730777","https://openalex.org/W4382138077","https://openalex.org/W4386793507","https://openalex.org/W4388491332","https://openalex.org/W4388962471","https://openalex.org/W4389430798","https://openalex.org/W4389622593","https://openalex.org/W4389949237","https://openalex.org/W4391286224","https://openalex.org/W4392183022","https://openalex.org/W4393069287","https://openalex.org/W4396998080","https://openalex.org/W4399012915","https://openalex.org/W4399591106","https://openalex.org/W4403337425","https://openalex.org/W4404824194","https://openalex.org/W4409153551","https://openalex.org/W4414353395","https://openalex.org/W4415720246","https://openalex.org/W7126077079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591018832","https://openalex.org/W4280618217","https://openalex.org/W4415204197","https://openalex.org/W3019616426","https://openalex.org/W7211881636","https://openalex.org/W316778162","https://openalex.org/W3208285736","https://openalex.org/W7212050455","https://openalex.org/W2990088678","https://openalex.org/W1495521354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-modulus":[0],"asphalt":[1],"mixtures":[2],"(HMAMs)":[3],"achieve":[4],"high":[5],"stiffness":[6,150],"but":[7,82],"exhibit":[8],"insufficient":[9],"resistance":[10,81],"to":[11,119,165,175,209],"low-temperature":[12,18,85,148],"cracking.":[13],"To":[14],"balance":[15],"high-":[16],"and":[17,24,43,53,55,65,68,79,101,123,151,223],"performance,":[19],"HMAMs":[20],"containing":[21],"0.3%,":[22],"0.6%,":[23],"1.0%":[25,124,166],"high-modulus":[26],"modifier":[27],"(HMM)":[28],"were":[29,45],"toughened":[30],"with":[31],"a":[32,37,215],"styrene\u2013butadiene-based":[33],"polymer":[34],"(SBP)":[35],"through":[36],"dry":[38],"process.":[39],"The":[40,109,126],"toughening":[41,212],"behavior":[42],"mechanisms":[44],"investigated":[46],"at":[47],"different":[48],"SBP":[49,90,129,146,172],"dosages":[50],"(0.2%,":[51],"0.4%,":[52,89],"0.6%)":[54],"conditioning":[56,111,224],"times":[57],"using":[58],"mixture":[59],"tests,":[60,67],"binder":[61],"rheological":[62],"characterization,":[63],"individual":[64],"co-swelling":[66],"molecular":[69],"dynamics":[70],"simulations.":[71],"Increasing":[72],"HMM":[73,106,141,162],"content":[74],"substantially":[75],"improved":[76,152],"dynamic":[77],"modulus":[78],"rutting":[80],"continuously":[83],"reduced":[84,147,167],"bending":[86,96],"strain.":[87],"At":[88],"provided":[91],"favorable":[92],"strength\u2013deformation":[93],"compatibility,":[94],"increasing":[95,161],"strain":[97],"by":[98,196],"76.1%,":[99],"75.3%,":[100],"63.2%":[102],"in":[103],"the":[104,132,168,187,190,210],"three":[105],"systems,":[107],"respectively.":[108],"optimal":[110],"time":[112],"extended":[113],"from":[114,163,173],"30":[115],"min":[116,121],"(0.3%":[117],"HMM)":[118],"60":[120],"(0.6%":[122],"HMM).":[125],"0.6%":[127],"HMM\u20130.4%":[128],"combination":[130],"exhibited":[131],"most":[133],"balanced":[134],"overall":[135],"performance.":[136],"Rheological":[137],"results":[138],"showed":[139,180],"that":[140,181,201],"enhanced":[142],"high-temperature":[143],"elasticity,":[144],"whereas":[145,186],"creep":[149],"stress":[153],"relaxation.":[154],"With":[155],"limited":[156,204],"availability":[157],"of":[158,171,189,220],"light":[159,205],"fractions,":[160],"0.3%":[164],"swelling":[169],"ratio":[170],"114.87%":[174],"62.30%.":[176],"Molecular":[177],"simulations":[178],"further":[179,218],"HMM\u2013light":[182],"fraction":[183,192],"interactions":[184],"increased,":[185],"magnitude":[188],"SBP\u2013light":[191],"interaction":[193],"energy":[194],"decreased":[195],"13.2%.":[197],"These":[198],"findings":[199],"suggest":[200],"competition":[202],"for":[203,217],"fractions":[206],"may":[207],"contribute":[208],"HMM-dependent":[211],"response,":[213],"providing":[214],"basis":[216],"investigation":[219],"material":[221],"composition":[222],"requirements.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}