{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225629836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","title":"Integrating Design Thinking with Artificial Intelligence to Drive Innovation in Digital Product Development: A Comparative Case Study of Tech Startups and Established Firms","display_name":"Integrating Design Thinking with Artificial Intelligence to Drive Innovation in Digital Product Development: A Comparative Case Study of Tech Startups and Established Firms","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225629836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","pdf_url":"https://journals.gaftim.com/index.php/ijtim/article/download/609/391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223240","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Innovation and Management (IJTIM)","issn_l":"2789-777X","issn":["2789-777X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology, Innovation and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.gaftim.com/index.php/ijtim/article/download/609/391","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161312842","display_name":"Oguntuase David Ayobami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52605992","display_name":"National Open University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/009tveq15","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52605992"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oguntuase David Ayobami","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Open University of Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Open University of Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52605992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115997891","display_name":"Bashirat Aderayo Bamigboye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1226-0053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1226-0053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bamigboye Bashirat Aderayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOUN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1226-0053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOUN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.6919000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.6919000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.12610000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-thinking","display_name":"design thinking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-product-development","display_name":"digital product development","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-startups","display_name":"technology startups","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbent-firms","display_name":"incumbent firms","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-centered-design","display_name":"user-centered design","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-support","display_name":"leadership support","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-functional-collaboration","display_name":"cross-functional collaboration","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-barriers","display_name":"implementation barriers","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagos-state","display_name":"Lagos State","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.7914999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142778471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200670","display_name":"Design thinking","level":2,"score":0.4993000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75434695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247768","display_name":"Product innovation","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226","display_name":"Product design","level":3,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191920346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466410","display_name":"High tech","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155633","display_name":"Comparative case","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186037533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794803","display_name":"Innovation management","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","pdf_url":"https://journals.gaftim.com/index.php/ijtim/article/download/609/391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223240","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Innovation and Management (IJTIM)","issn_l":"2789-777X","issn":["2789-777X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology, Innovation and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54489/ijtim.v6i1.609","pdf_url":"https://journals.gaftim.com/index.php/ijtim/article/download/609/391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223240","display_name":"International Journal of Technology Innovation and Management (IJTIM)","issn_l":"2789-777X","issn":["2789-777X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology, Innovation and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5263000130653381,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225629836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225629836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W2610102381","https://openalex.org/W2800225078","https://openalex.org/W2969625533","https://openalex.org/W2978346165","https://openalex.org/W3009632108","https://openalex.org/W3011186445","https://openalex.org/W3093821457","https://openalex.org/W3159096324","https://openalex.org/W3202340916","https://openalex.org/W4213145388","https://openalex.org/W4220926968","https://openalex.org/W4254526386","https://openalex.org/W4285585446","https://openalex.org/W7165805879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166846395","https://openalex.org/W4415147793","https://openalex.org/W3009307302","https://openalex.org/W6939650741","https://openalex.org/W4413339921","https://openalex.org/W7225028534","https://openalex.org/W4403321620","https://openalex.org/W4413682489","https://openalex.org/W7219037402","https://openalex.org/W4400431583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,151],"increasing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3],"innovative,":[4],"user-centered,":[5],"and":[6,18,46,74,84,94,111,142,160,176,181,194,211],"technologically":[7],"advanced":[8],"digital":[9,40,167],"products":[10],"has":[11],"encouraged":[12],"organisations":[13,69],"to":[14,99,117,144],"integrate":[15],"design":[16,31,61,158],"thinking":[17,32,159],"artificial":[19,34,161],"intelligence":[20,35,162],"into":[21],"product":[22,41,168],"development":[23,42],"processes.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26,54,60],"examined":[27],"the":[28,119,122,130,155],"integration":[29,156],"of":[30,125,132,157,183,206],"with":[33],"in":[36,39,49,166,179],"driving":[37],"innovation":[38,165,216],"among":[43,135],"tech":[44,72],"startups":[45,73,175],"established":[47,76,177],"firms":[48,178],"Lagos":[50],"State,":[51],"Nigeria.":[52],"adopted":[55],"a":[56],"mixed-methods":[57],"comparative":[58],"case":[59],"involving":[62],"205":[63],"respondents":[64],"selected":[65],"from":[66],"ten":[67],"technology-based":[68],"comprising":[70],"five":[71,75],"firms.":[77],"Data":[78],"were":[79,97,115,139,172],"collected":[80],"using":[81],"structured":[82],"questionnaires":[83],"semi-structured":[85],"interviews.":[86],"Descriptive":[87],"statistics":[88],"including":[89,202],"frequency":[90],"counts,":[91],"percentages,":[92],"mean,":[93],"standard":[95],"deviation":[96],"used":[98,116],"analyse":[100],"research":[101],"questions,":[102],"while":[103],"Pearson":[104],"Product":[105],"Moment":[106],"Correlation,":[107],"Independent":[108],"Samples":[109],"t-test,":[110],"Multiple":[112],"Regression":[113],"Analysis":[114],"test":[118],"hypotheses":[120],"at":[121],"0.05":[123],"level":[124],"significance.":[126],"Multicollinearity":[127],"diagnostics":[128],"confirmed":[129],"absence":[131],"problematic":[133],"multicollinearity":[134],"predictors.":[136],"Interview":[137],"data":[138,208],"transcribed":[140],"verbatim":[141],"subjected":[143],"thematic":[145],"analysis":[146],"yielding":[147],"four":[148],"major":[149],"themes.":[150],"findings":[152],"revealed":[153],"that":[154],"significantly":[163,197,214],"enhances":[164],"development.":[169],"Significant":[170],"differences":[171],"found":[173],"between":[174],"adoption":[180],"application":[182],"these":[184],"approaches.":[185],"Leadership":[186],"support,":[187],"technical":[188],"expertise,":[189,207],"organisational":[190],"culture,":[191],"cross-functional":[192],"collaboration,":[193],"employee":[195],"training":[196],"influenced":[198],"successful":[199],"integration.":[200],"Challenges":[201],"implementation":[203],"cost,":[204],"lack":[205],"privacy":[209],"concerns,":[210],"infrastructure":[212],"limitation":[213],"constrained":[215],"outcomes.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}