{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225629690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","title":"Eco-Friendly and Reusable CNT/Halloysite-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Ciprofloxacin Detection","display_name":"Eco-Friendly and Reusable CNT/Halloysite-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Ciprofloxacin Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225629690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26217086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069024954","display_name":"Carlo Spampinato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-2651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-2651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Spampinato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-2651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080436610","display_name":"Ivana Maria Caruso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-3485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-3485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Maria Caruso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy","Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Via Santa Sofia n. 64, 95125 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-3485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Via Santa Sofia n. 64, 95125 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084216472","display_name":"Viviana Scuderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-6242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-6242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Viviana Scuderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086754316","display_name":"Simona Filice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-1152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-1152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Filice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103219182","display_name":"Andrzej Krasi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-3557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-3557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Krasi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-3557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066416693","display_name":"Silvia Scalese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-6714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-6714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Scalese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-6714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada n. 5, Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069024954","https://openalex.org/A5084216472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"21","first_page":"7086","last_page":"7086"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciprofloxacin-detection","display_name":"ciprofloxacin detection","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-sensor","display_name":"electrochemical sensor","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"carbon nanotubes","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halloysite-nanotubes","display_name":"halloysite nanotubes","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-printed-electrodes","display_name":"screen-printed electrodes","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-residues-in-water","display_name":"antibiotic residues in water","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode-regeneration","display_name":"electrode regeneration","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reusable-sensors","display_name":"reusable sensors","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777135253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12821923","display_name":"Halloysite","level":2,"score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.6503999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6128000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401","display_name":"Analyte","level":2,"score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188095982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357970","display_name":"Electrochemical gas sensor","level":4,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.42320001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23531484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196863","display_name":"Calibration curve","level":3,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149556010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4782870","display_name":"Aqueous two-phase system","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26217086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26217086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26217086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8571000099182129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126168593","https://openalex.org/W4311751099","https://openalex.org/W7203839746","https://openalex.org/W4389939048","https://openalex.org/W7222069605","https://openalex.org/W7138296182","https://openalex.org/W7204183994","https://openalex.org/W3092007745","https://openalex.org/W4394577273","https://openalex.org/W4403828608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Antibiotic":[0],"residues":[1],"in":[2,185],"aquatic":[3,133],"environments":[4],"require":[5],"sensing":[6,78],"approaches":[7],"that":[8,70],"are":[9],"not":[10],"only":[11],"analytically":[12],"effective":[13],"but":[14],"also":[15],"compatible":[16],"with":[17,39,91],"aqueous":[18,55],"fabrication":[19],"and":[20,43,51,120,135,154,170],"reusable":[21],"after":[22,200],"regeneration.":[23],"Here,":[24],"we":[25],"report":[26],"a":[27,81,92,152,160],"ciprofloxacin":[28],"(CIP)":[29],"electrochemical":[30],"sensor":[31],"based":[32],"on":[33],"commercial":[34],"carbon":[35,40],"screen-printed":[36],"electrodes":[37],"modified":[38],"nanotubes":[41,45],"(CNTs)":[42],"halloysite":[44,64],"(HTs).":[46],"The":[47,76,175],"modifier":[48],"is":[49],"prepared":[50],"deposited":[52],"entirely":[53],"from":[54,115],"dispersions:":[56],"CNTs":[57],"provide":[58],"conductive":[59],"pathways,":[60],"whereas":[61],"naturally":[62],"occurring":[63],"supplies":[65],"an":[66],"inexpensive":[67],"adsorptive":[68],"phase":[69],"may":[71,143],"favor":[72,145],"local":[73],"analyte":[74],"adsorption.":[75],"optimized":[77],"layer":[79],"exhibited":[80],"mean":[82],"sensitivity":[83,184],"of":[84,96,106,109,131,181,196],"0.2916\u03bcA\u03bcM\u22121":[85],"over":[86],"the":[87,116,148,166,186],"4.2\u201334\u03bcM":[88],"calibration":[89,121],"range,":[90],"relative":[93],"standard":[94],"deviation":[95],"4.29%":[97],"across":[98],"three":[99],"independently":[100],"fabricated":[101],"electrodes.":[102],"An":[103],"estimated":[104],"limit":[105],"detection":[107],"(LOD)":[108],"approximately":[110,179],"34":[111],"nM":[112],"was":[113],"calculated":[114],"blank":[117],"signal":[118,169],"variability":[119],"sensitivity.":[122],"Measurements":[123],"were":[124],"intentionally":[125],"performed":[126],"at":[127],"pH":[128],"7.0,":[129],"representative":[130],"near-neutral":[132],"matrices":[134],"avoiding":[136],"acidification":[137],"pretreatment.":[138],"Although":[139],"mildly":[140],"acidic":[141],"conditions":[142],"further":[144],"CIP":[146],"adsorption,":[147],"neutral-pH":[149],"workflow":[150],"provides":[151],"conservative":[153],"more":[155],"sustainability-oriented":[156],"assessment.":[157],"Following":[158],"sensing,":[159],"10min":[161],"UVA-assisted":[162],"cleaning":[163],"treatment":[164],"reduced":[165],"residual":[167],"CIP-related":[168],"enabled":[171],"subsequent":[172],"electrode":[173,177],"reuse.":[174],"regenerated":[176],"retained":[178],"82.4%":[180],"its":[182,197],"initial":[183],"investigated":[187],"lower":[188],"concentration":[189],"interval":[190],"(4.2\u201317":[191],"\u03bcM),":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"substantial":[194],"recovery":[195],"analytical":[198],"response":[199],"UVA":[201],"treatment.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}