{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225629557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","title":"Blue carbon stocks and wetland landscape change in the Liaohe Estuary","display_name":"Blue carbon stocks and wetland landscape change in the Liaohe Estuary","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225629557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596539584","display_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","issn_l":"2296-7745","issn":["2296-7745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104332328","display_name":"Funing Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767671","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/01mx22g67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Funing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102605701","display_name":"Zhengang Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767671","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/01mx22g67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161339879","display_name":"Guangshuai Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156115","display_name":"National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03eg88604","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156115"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangshuai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4387156115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579885","display_name":"Anguo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-7728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-7728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204710742","display_name":"Ministry of Ecology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwbew76","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156115","display_name":"National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03eg88604","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156115"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4387156115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161313743","display_name":"Binqiang Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767671","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/01mx22g67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161313420","display_name":"Chenghang Zheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767671","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization","ror":"https://ror.org/01mx22g67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenghang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University","Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161313420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767671","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12091","display_name":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-carbon","display_name":"blue carbon","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liaohe-estuary","display_name":"Liaohe Estuary","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetland-restoration","display_name":"wetland restoration","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-change","display_name":"landscape change","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-mapping","display_name":"habitat mapping","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monitoring","display_name":"carbon monitoring","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142804171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930066","display_name":"Blue carbon","level":4,"score":0.7907000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7900999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781178838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976487","display_name":"Phragmites","level":3,"score":0.7228999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88160329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47053","display_name":"Estuary","level":2,"score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67268981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30198","display_name":"Marsh","level":3,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78437154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2428433","display_name":"Restoration ecology","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158787203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291","display_name":"Total organic carbon","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6939412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon cycle","level":3,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150117547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188230","display_name":"Ecological succession","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596539584","display_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","issn_l":"2296-7745","issn":["2296-7745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/marine-science/articles/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989784/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596539584","display_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","issn_l":"2296-7745","issn":["2296-7745"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225629557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225629557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982281110","https://openalex.org/W1999803596","https://openalex.org/W2041396888","https://openalex.org/W2091160252","https://openalex.org/W2170349244","https://openalex.org/W2228574081","https://openalex.org/W2256971965","https://openalex.org/W2516082326","https://openalex.org/W2766136866","https://openalex.org/W2945387316","https://openalex.org/W2971982243","https://openalex.org/W2972391124","https://openalex.org/W2989938344","https://openalex.org/W2995816217","https://openalex.org/W3015950295","https://openalex.org/W3026032858","https://openalex.org/W3112344741","https://openalex.org/W3126285986","https://openalex.org/W3198561700","https://openalex.org/W4362586446","https://openalex.org/W4398216427","https://openalex.org/W4400251825","https://openalex.org/W4402554845","https://openalex.org/W4403423122","https://openalex.org/W4405820884","https://openalex.org/W4406188758","https://openalex.org/W4407316515","https://openalex.org/W4408469673","https://openalex.org/W4409512835","https://openalex.org/W4411131497","https://openalex.org/W4413919364","https://openalex.org/W4415395701","https://openalex.org/W4417148481","https://openalex.org/W7154712362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327617459","https://openalex.org/W4407358802","https://openalex.org/W4410023081","https://openalex.org/W4213437483","https://openalex.org/W2550036503","https://openalex.org/W7119525264","https://openalex.org/W7214886037","https://openalex.org/W4401513947","https://openalex.org/W4415395701","https://openalex.org/W4387614241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Coastal-wetland":[1],"carbon":[2,12,22,47,53,95,207,215],"assessments":[3],"can":[4],"support":[5,211],"conservation":[6],"and":[7,33,37,48,69,75,122,127,137,164,172,181,193,216],"restoration":[8,41,83,158],"monitoring":[9,71,202],"when":[10],"measured":[11,120],"pools":[13],"are":[14],"interpreted":[15],"alongside":[16],"habitat":[17,219],"extent.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"compared":[21,55],"stocks":[23,96,124,161,178],"in":[24,56,169,191],"the":[25,30,150,157],"dominant":[26],"natural":[27],"habitats":[28],"of":[29,179],"Liaohe":[31],"Estuary":[32,82],"examined":[34],"landscape":[35,65,154],"change":[36,66],"observations":[38,189],"at":[39,78],"a":[40,57,79,195],"site.":[42,84],"Methods":[43],"Natural-habitat":[44],"aboveground":[45,116,123,160],"vegetation":[46,74,117],"0-100":[49],"cm":[50],"soil":[51,76,93,121,134,177,214],"organic":[52,94],"were":[54,125,162],"common":[58],"areal":[59],"unit.":[60],"Exploratory":[61],"Landsat":[62],"classifications":[63,152],"described":[64],"during":[67],"1985-2020,":[68],"four":[70],"campaigns":[72],"characterized":[73],"conditions":[77,203],"Daling":[80],"River":[81],"Results":[85],"Natural":[86],"Suaeda":[87],"salsa":[88],"meadows":[89],"had":[90,114],"higher":[91],"mean":[92],"than":[97,205],"Phragmites":[98],"australis":[99,113],"marshes":[100],"(112.71":[101],"\u00b1":[102,106],"49.77":[103],"versus":[104],"68.56":[105],"44.62":[107],"Mg":[108,129,166,183],"C":[109,130,167,184],"ha\u207b\u00b9),":[110],"whereas":[111],"P.":[112],"greater":[115],"carbon.":[118],"Combined":[119],"114.72":[126],"73.01":[128],"ha\u207b\u00b9,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"with":[133,175,221],"contributing":[135],"98.3%":[136],"93.9%.":[138],"The":[139,187,209],"mapped":[140],"natural-wetland":[141],"area":[142],"contracted":[143],"before":[144],"an":[145],"apparent":[146],"increase":[147],"after":[148],"2015;":[149],"unvalidated":[151],"provide":[153],"context.":[155],"At":[156],"site,":[159],"0.18048":[163],"1.833":[165],"ha\u207b\u00b9":[168],"November":[170],"2020":[171],"July":[173],"2022,":[174],"corresponding":[176],"149.08":[180],"163.49":[182],"ha\u207b\u00b9.":[185],"Discussion":[186],"restoration-site":[188],"differ":[190],"season":[192],"lack":[194],"concurrent":[196],"unrestored":[197],"reference;":[198],"they":[199],"therefore":[200],"describe":[201],"rather":[204],"restoration-attributable":[206],"gains.":[208],"findings":[210],"protecting":[212],"existing":[213],"combining":[217],"validated":[218],"mapping":[220],"seasonally":[222],"consistent":[223],"vegetation-soil":[224],"monitoring.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
