{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225629104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","title":"Genetic architecture of incretin and glucagon regulation revealed by genome and exome-wide analysis in the Fenland cohort","display_name":"Genetic architecture of incretin and glucagon regulation revealed by genome and exome-wide analysis in the Fenland cohort","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225629104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11352998/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11352998/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717719","display_name":"Nicholas J. Wareham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-2993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-2993","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-0815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas J Wareham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058635042","display_name":"Rofaida Desoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-5425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-5425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rofaida A Desoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133972007","display_name":"Jack R A Murzynowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5341-2322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5341-2322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Murzynowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5341-2322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113040419","display_name":"Isobel D. Stewart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isobel D Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059072765","display_name":"Felix R. Day","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-7651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-7651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Day","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027538163","display_name":"Jian\u2019an Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-6337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-6337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian\u2019an Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106630383","display_name":"Nicola D. Kerrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-953X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-953X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Kerrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047242210","display_name":"Katherine A. Kentistou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-664X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-664X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine A Kentistou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119820075","display_name":"Mairi Antypa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mairi Antypa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092198537","display_name":"Thomas Hodkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-9041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-9041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hodkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049698878","display_name":"Vasileios Kaimakis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Kaimakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000757360","display_name":"Adam Davison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Davison","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118662264","display_name":"Sofia Aleksashina","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Aleksashina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Metabolic Research Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Metabolic Research Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122951349","display_name":"Gareth Rogers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gareth Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Metabolic Research Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Metabolic Research Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028049778","display_name":"Rula Bany Bakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-0195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-0195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rula Bany Bakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-0195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002740985","display_name":"Fiona Mary Gribble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-2898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-2898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fiona M Gribble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Metabolic Research Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Metabolic Science (IMS) Metabolic Research Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135192830","display_name":"Frank Reimann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-6377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-6377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Reimann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494462","display_name":"Jaakko Tuomilehto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-6202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-6202","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-0745","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-7407","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2384-549X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Langenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147175468","display_name":"John Perry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153067","display_name":"MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/037a8w620","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387153067","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I4387153067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011350446","display_name":"Matthew P. Coghlan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Coghlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eli Lilly and Company"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eli Lilly and Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008544198","display_name":"Pallav Bhatnagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6623-3994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6623-3994"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallav Bhatnagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lilly, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lilly, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129560583","display_name":"Ken Ong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116691","display_name":"Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0264dxb48","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I2802466933","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153067","display_name":"MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/037a8w620","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387153067","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116691","https://openalex.org/I4387153067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incretin-hormones","display_name":"incretins","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucagon","display_name":"glucagon","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide","display_name":"glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucagon-like-peptide-1","display_name":"glucagon-like peptide-1","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pde3b","display_name":"PDE3B","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slc38a4","display_name":"SLC38A4","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tmem16a","display_name":"TMEM16A","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucagon-receptor","display_name":"glucagon receptor","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-variants","display_name":"rare variants","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucagon-secretion","display_name":"glucagon secretion","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-alpha-cells","display_name":"alpha cells","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-obesity","display_name":"abdominal obesity","score":0.781000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778881409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420402","display_name":"Incretin","level":4,"score":0.8496000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424611","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide-1","level":4,"score":0.7749000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778563252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170617","display_name":"Glucagon","level":3,"score":0.7275000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14904911","display_name":"Glucagon receptor","level":4,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018667095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3455903","display_name":"Glucose homeostasis","level":4,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991848491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351083","display_name":"Metabolic disease","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135285700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38173","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptor","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777951760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526842","display_name":"Gastrointestinal hormone","level":4,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185280430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14909910","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor","level":4,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49039625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84230","display_name":"Secretion","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11352998/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11352998/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11352998/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336709","display_name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05m8dr349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225629104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225629104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582261481","https://openalex.org/W1947291173","https://openalex.org/W1966775465","https://openalex.org/W1981193117","https://openalex.org/W1987122512","https://openalex.org/W1990472811","https://openalex.org/W1991036972","https://openalex.org/W1998453182","https://openalex.org/W2002673774","https://openalex.org/W2006655885","https://openalex.org/W2019865149","https://openalex.org/W2021979767","https://openalex.org/W2028020548","https://openalex.org/W2028817960","https://openalex.org/W2030428258","https://openalex.org/W2033151532","https://openalex.org/W2034739331","https://openalex.org/W2040657380","https://openalex.org/W2041624484","https://openalex.org/W2051314902","https://openalex.org/W2059516713","https://openalex.org/W2065988278","https://openalex.org/W2079657455","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2084948079","https://openalex.org/W2090593647","https://openalex.org/W2095118984","https://openalex.org/W2099916828","https://openalex.org/W2104549677","https://openalex.org/W2122326115","https://openalex.org/W2128374924","https://openalex.org/W2141228342","https://openalex.org/W2219809581","https://openalex.org/W2412937130","https://openalex.org/W2417483443","https://openalex.org/W2460804009","https://openalex.org/W2521967673","https://openalex.org/W2529241974","https://openalex.org/W2566116513","https://openalex.org/W2766177815","https://openalex.org/W2795307994","https://openalex.org/W2799303249","https://openalex.org/W2802118207","https://openalex.org/W2803456478","https://openalex.org/W2805712258","https://openalex.org/W2889800760","https://openalex.org/W2895486342","https://openalex.org/W2898448926","https://openalex.org/W2899548656","https://openalex.org/W2905452503","https://openalex.org/W2921514534","https://openalex.org/W2944117578","https://openalex.org/W2944757497","https://openalex.org/W2952686929","https://openalex.org/W2952883732","https://openalex.org/W2970108297","https://openalex.org/W2990930253","https://openalex.org/W3029661147","https://openalex.org/W3038456794","https://openalex.org/W3044381163","https://openalex.org/W3046039678","https://openalex.org/W3121239749","https://openalex.org/W3126160703","https://openalex.org/W3164845562","https://openalex.org/W3174902438","https://openalex.org/W3183842190","https://openalex.org/W3194211748","https://openalex.org/W3194778424","https://openalex.org/W3197364483","https://openalex.org/W3201934315","https://openalex.org/W3201984503","https://openalex.org/W3202209876","https://openalex.org/W3205644245","https://openalex.org/W3206716577","https://openalex.org/W3207912190","https://openalex.org/W3212460220","https://openalex.org/W4200002336","https://openalex.org/W4206908010","https://openalex.org/W4220947850","https://openalex.org/W4224284134","https://openalex.org/W4280522230","https://openalex.org/W4281632180","https://openalex.org/W4286517154","https://openalex.org/W4291222009","https://openalex.org/W4292696050","https://openalex.org/W4297457860","https://openalex.org/W4317390883","https://openalex.org/W4327711424","https://openalex.org/W4384198172","https://openalex.org/W4385406300","https://openalex.org/W4386099973","https://openalex.org/W4386516282","https://openalex.org/W4386559381","https://openalex.org/W4387344289","https://openalex.org/W4387354365","https://openalex.org/W4391309422","https://openalex.org/W4391925503","https://openalex.org/W4392752733","https://openalex.org/W4393233791","https://openalex.org/W4400208202","https://openalex.org/W4400825218","https://openalex.org/W4403698572","https://openalex.org/W4406221983","https://openalex.org/W4407825513","https://openalex.org/W4408663412","https://openalex.org/W4410260196","https://openalex.org/W4412493953","https://openalex.org/W4413514403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766177815","https://openalex.org/W7168172164","https://openalex.org/W7000676171","https://openalex.org/W2082607501","https://openalex.org/W2781921611","https://openalex.org/W2094664516","https://openalex.org/W2008469465","https://openalex.org/W2153554912","https://openalex.org/W4386740781","https://openalex.org/W4416850224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"receptors":[2],"for":[3,20,45,178],"glucagon":[4,50,77,88,117,156],"and":[5,12,25,41,49,54,80,108,116,157,164,173,181],"incretin":[6],"hormones:":[7],"glucose-dependent":[8],"insulinotropic":[9],"peptide":[10],"(GIP)":[11],"glucagon-like":[13],"peptide-1":[14],"(GLP-1),":[15],"are":[16],"key":[17],"therapeutic":[18],"targets":[19],"Type":[21],"2":[22],"diabetes":[23],"(T2D)":[24],"obesity":[26],"treatments.":[27],"To":[28],"better":[29],"understand":[30],"the":[31,61,92],"metabolic":[32,183],"hormones":[33],"biology,":[34],"we":[35],"performed":[36],"genome-wide":[37],"association":[38],"study":[39],"(GWAS),":[40],"exome-based":[42],"rare-variant":[43,165],"analysis":[44,120,146],"immunoassay-measured":[46],"GIP,":[47],"GLP-1":[48],"at":[51,71,74,82,85],"fasting":[52],"(T0)":[53],"120-minutes":[55],"post-oral":[56],"glucose":[57],"load":[58],"(T120)":[59],"in":[60,105,140],"Fenland":[62],"Study.":[63],"We":[64,99,131],"identified":[65,147],"16":[66],"GWAS":[67],"associations":[68],"including":[69,73,84,150],"5":[70],"T0":[72,78],"PDE3B":[75,154],"with":[76,87,127,155],",":[79,90],"10":[81],"T120":[83,89],"SLC38A4":[86,109],"highlighting":[91],"value":[93],"of":[94,103,121],"hormone":[95],"measures":[96],"post-glucose":[97],"load.":[98],"demonstrated":[100],"high":[101],"expression":[102],"Slc38a4":[104],"mouse":[106],"\u03b1-cells,":[107],"amino":[110],"acid":[111],"substrates":[112],"triggered":[113],"calcium":[114],"influx":[115],"secretion.":[118],"Secondary":[119],"hormonal":[122],"change":[123],"(T120-T0)":[124],"highlights":[125],"ANO1":[126,141],"GIP":[128,136],"(T120\u2212T0)":[129],".":[130],"also":[132],"showed":[133],"that":[134],"cAMP-stimulated":[135],"secretion":[137],"was":[138],"abolished":[139],"knockout":[142],"duodenal":[143],"organoids.":[144],"Rare-variant":[145],"6":[148],"associations,":[149],"GCGR.":[151],"Links":[152],"between":[153],"central":[158],"adiposity":[159],"emerged":[160],"across":[161],"both":[162],"common":[163],"analyses.":[166],"These":[167],"findings":[168],"implicate":[169],"biologically":[170],"actionable":[171],"pathways":[172],"provide":[174],"a":[175],"genetic":[176],"foundation":[177],"mechanistic":[179],"investigations":[180],"optimising":[182],"disease":[184],"therapeutics.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}