{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225628940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","title":"The Penrose Midpoint: A Unification of Gauge Fields and Curved Spacetime Surfaces","display_name":"The Penrose Midpoint: A Unification of Gauge Fields and Curved Spacetime Surfaces","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225628940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24069776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130773878","display_name":"Casey McGrath","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mcgrath, Casey","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130773878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.38989999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warped-product-manifolds","display_name":"warped product manifolds","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hopf-fibration","display_name":"Hopf fibration","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-fields","display_name":"gauge fields","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curved-spacetime","display_name":"curved spacetime","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-loop-effective-action","display_name":"one-loop effective action","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-field-model","display_name":"phase-field model","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-physical-constants","display_name":"fundamental physical constants","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-structure-constant","display_name":"fine-structure constant","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charged-lepton-mass-hierarchy","display_name":"charged-lepton mass hierarchy","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-mixing-angle","display_name":"weak mixing angle","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-to-electron-mass-ratio","display_name":"proton-electron mass ratio","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-mass","display_name":"neutron mass","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilaton","display_name":"dilaton","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification-of-quantum-field-theory-and-general-relativity","display_name":"unification of quantum field theory and general relativity","score":0.8669999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3123529","display_name":"Spectral geometry","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146710177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154996","display_name":"Fiber bundle","level":3,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181830111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850","display_name":"Gauge theory","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79464548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464794","display_name":"Minkowski space","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120484201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246697","display_name":"Quantum field theory in curved spacetime","level":4,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184189994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q429258","display_name":"Background independence","level":5,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188444","display_name":"Differential geometry","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110521144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193460","display_name":"Scalar field","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24069776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24069777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24069776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24069776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154887336","https://openalex.org/W7152989288","https://openalex.org/W7139969295","https://openalex.org/W7139968834","https://openalex.org/W7134075454","https://openalex.org/W7171383791","https://openalex.org/W7128062683","https://openalex.org/W7140101322","https://openalex.org/W6893316183","https://openalex.org/W7154178112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,24,36,48,58,65,78,110,122,183,195],"complete":[3,79],"derivation":[4],"of":[5,109,117,124,154,194,207],"the":[6,11,43,55,104,118,131,140,157,161,164,168,172,176,190,204],"spectral":[7,126],"seam":[8],"hierarchy":[9,123,206],"within":[10],"Penrose":[12],"Midpoint":[13],"Framework.":[14],"The":[15,113,134],"framework":[16],"is":[17,35,47,64,72,200],"defined":[18],"by":[19,130,139],"four":[20],"minimal":[21],"axioms":[22],"on":[23,54],"warped":[25],"product":[26],"manifold":[27],"M":[28],"=":[29,145],"A":[30,34],"\u00d7h":[31],"B,":[32],"where":[33],"1":[37],"+":[38],"1-dimensional":[39],"Lorentzian":[40],"base":[41,76,108],"carrying":[42],"dilaton":[44],"and":[45,70,87,95,107,175],"B":[46],"compact":[49,185],"Riemannian":[50],"fibre.":[51],"Phase":[52],"disagreement":[53],"fibres":[56],"yields":[57],"topological":[59,67],"characterisation.":[60],"Given":[61],"that":[62,182],"light":[63],"closed":[66],"loop":[68],"(S1)":[69],"spacetime":[71],"its":[73],"smooth":[74],"geometric":[75,152,186],"(S2),":[77],"universe":[80],"(S3)":[81],"requires":[82],"them":[83],"to":[84,202],"be":[85],"orthogonal":[86],"linked":[88,138],"exactly":[89],"once.":[90],"Therefore,":[91],"Quantum":[92],"Field":[93],"Theory":[94],"General":[96],"Relativity":[97],"are":[98,103,149],"not":[99],"competing":[100],"forces;":[101],"they":[102],"fundamental":[105,155,208],"fiber":[106],"Hopf":[111],"Fibration.":[112],"one-loop":[114],"effective":[115],"action":[116],"phase":[119,198],"field":[120],"produces":[121],"finite":[125],"corrections":[127],"(\u201cseams\u201d)":[128],"generated":[129],"zeta-regularised":[132],"determinant.":[133],"first":[135],"three":[136],"seamsare":[137],"exact":[141],"structural":[142],"identity":[143],"seamn+1/seamn":[144],"1/(2\u03b3E\u03c02).":[146],"These":[147],"seams":[148],"used":[150],"in":[151],"derivations":[153],"constants":[156],"inverse":[158],"fine-structure":[159],"constant,":[160],"electron-to-Planck-mass":[162],"ratio,":[163,171],"charged-lepton":[165],"mass":[166,170],"hierarchy,":[167],"proton-to-electron":[169],"neutron":[173],"mass,":[174],"weak":[177],"mixing":[178],"angle.":[179],"This":[180],"demonstrates":[181],"single":[184],"structure,":[187],"together":[188],"with":[189],"universal":[191],"anomaly":[192],"data":[193],"free":[196],"scalar":[197],"field,":[199],"sufficient":[201],"generate":[203],"observed":[205],"constants.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
