{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225626813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","title":"Evidence-concordance audit before multicriteria ranking: reassessing Kabul\u2019s historical water-supply options","display_name":"Evidence-concordance audit before multicriteria ranking: reassessing Kabul\u2019s historical water-supply options","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225626813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597036347","display_name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","issn_l":"2297-3362","issn":["2297-3362"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146880793","display_name":"Mohammad Amini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129452663","display_name":"Kandahar University","ror":"https://ror.org/0157yqb81","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129452663"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279138","display_name":"Xi'an Fanyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/012g3xr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279138"]}],"countries":["AF","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Amini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Kandahar University","School of Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Fanyi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Kandahar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129452663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Fanyi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060821371","display_name":"Mohammad Zaman Amini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-0804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-0804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129452663","display_name":"Kandahar University","ror":"https://ror.org/0157yqb81","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129452663"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279138","display_name":"Xi'an Fanyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/012g3xr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279138"]}],"countries":["AF","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Zaman Amini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Kandahar University","School of Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Fanyi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Kandahar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129452663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Fanyi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084956471","display_name":"Suleman Bawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4520-3492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4520-3492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279138","display_name":"Xi'an Fanyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/012g3xr15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279138"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suleman Bawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics and Management, Xi\u2019an Fanyi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics and Management, Xi\u2019an Fanyi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080755736","display_name":"Waqas Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-929X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-929X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqas Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geotill Engineering Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geotill Engineering Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061319394","display_name":"Zakeria Shnizai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-1998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-1998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakeria Shnizai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5146880793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129452663","https://openalex.org/I4405279138"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.16940000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-criteria-decision-making","display_name":"multi-criteria decision making","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critic-weighting","display_name":"CRITIC weighting","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-water-supply","display_name":"alternative water supply","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan-international-cooperation-agency","display_name":"JICA","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-availability","display_name":"water availability","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-level","display_name":"level of service","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-dominated-set","display_name":"non-dominated set","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-front","display_name":"Pareto front","score":0.4050000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380204","display_name":"Service level","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986314615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36829","display_name":"Pareto optimal","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93983250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795053","display_name":"Cost estimate","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597036347","display_name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","issn_l":"2297-3362","issn":["2297-3362"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/built-environment/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1958158/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597036347","display_name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","issn_l":"2297-3362","issn":["2297-3362"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Built Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.53329998254776,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225626813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225626813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W302261720","https://openalex.org/W2001969417","https://openalex.org/W2026587360","https://openalex.org/W2083623988","https://openalex.org/W2099779069","https://openalex.org/W2101412657","https://openalex.org/W2128226234","https://openalex.org/W2133635391","https://openalex.org/W2300240083","https://openalex.org/W2413622533","https://openalex.org/W3183143072","https://openalex.org/W3214519804","https://openalex.org/W4205540045","https://openalex.org/W4206136385","https://openalex.org/W4224110118","https://openalex.org/W4247803849","https://openalex.org/W4281862315","https://openalex.org/W4313037970","https://openalex.org/W4313472235","https://openalex.org/W4319966108","https://openalex.org/W4324138110","https://openalex.org/W4367627429","https://openalex.org/W4391108269","https://openalex.org/W4399572313","https://openalex.org/W4402704695","https://openalex.org/W4404508679","https://openalex.org/W4410540890","https://openalex.org/W7167464252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613565230","https://openalex.org/W7005524631","https://openalex.org/W969526232","https://openalex.org/W2783479418","https://openalex.org/W2073862926","https://openalex.org/W781049568","https://openalex.org/W7011652760","https://openalex.org/W2572948553","https://openalex.org/W2275515577","https://openalex.org/W7119244571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Historical":[1],"infrastructure":[2],"decisions":[3],"are":[4],"often":[5],"revisited":[6],"using":[7],"evidence":[8,33],"developed":[9],"under":[10],"different":[11],"definitions,":[12],"assumptions,":[13],"and":[14,56,71,77,79,147,169,187,200,209],"system":[15,57],"boundaries.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"reassesses":[19],"seven":[20],"water-supply":[21],"alternatives":[22,175,191,248],"from":[23,107,164,245],"Kabul\u2019s":[24],"2009":[25],"planning":[26],"archive":[27,119],"to":[28,109,167],"determine":[29],"whether":[30],"the":[31,118,135,155,177,184,195],"archived":[32],"remains":[34],"sufficiently":[35],"comparable":[36,263,272],"for":[37,252],"decision":[38],"modeling.":[39],"Methods":[40],"Each":[41],"source-table":[42],"cell":[43],"or":[44],"narrative":[45],"quantity":[46],"was":[47,75,236],"transcribed":[48],"with":[49,104],"an":[50],"exact":[51],"locator,":[52],"unit,":[53],"construct":[54],"label,":[55],"boundary,":[58],"then":[59],"screened":[60],"through":[61],"five":[62],"ordered":[63],"binary":[64],"gates:":[65],"provenance,":[66],"semantic":[67],"typing,":[68],"comparability,":[69],"dependence,":[70],"uncertainty.":[72],"The":[73,221],"audit":[74],"qualitative":[76],"rule-based":[78],"did":[80],"not":[81,217,227,237],"assign":[82],"a":[83,94,101,228],"composite":[84],"evidence-quality":[85],"score.":[86],"Costs":[87],"were":[88,115,126,141,213],"compared":[89],"at":[90,203],"30":[91],"million":[92],"m3/year,":[93],"common":[95],"plotted":[96],"service":[97,182],"level":[98],"rather":[99],"than":[100],"demand":[102],"target,":[103],"sensitivity":[105],"analysis":[106],"15":[108],"100":[110,204],"MCM/year.":[111,205],"Reported":[112],"supply":[113],"quantities":[114],"excluded":[116],"because":[117,239],"combines":[120],"non-equivalent":[121],"constructs,":[122],"whereas":[123],"availability":[124],"statements":[125],"retained":[127,238],"only":[128,194,246],"as":[129],"source-defined":[130],"timing":[131,207],"indicators.":[132],"Results":[133],"Under":[134],"baseline":[136],"cost-timing":[137],"specification,":[138],"CRITIC":[139,234],"weights":[140],"driven":[142],"mainly":[143],"by":[144],"criterion":[145],"dispersion,":[146],"Shatoot":[148,163],"ranked":[149,159],"first.":[150],"Across":[151,180],"normalized":[152],"cost":[153,211],"weights,":[154],"Panjshir":[156],"fan":[157],"aquifer":[158],"first":[160],"below":[161],"0.288,":[162],"approximately":[165],"0.288":[166],"0.941,":[168],"Gat":[170],"above":[171],"0.941.":[172],"These":[173],"three":[174],"form":[176],"non-dominated":[178],"set.":[179],"tested":[181],"levels,":[183],"Pareto":[185],"set":[186],"sequence":[188],"of":[189,198],"first-ranked":[190],"remained":[192],"unchanged;":[193],"final":[196],"positions":[197],"Gulbahar":[199],"Salang":[201],"exchanged":[202],"Alternative":[206],"assumptions":[208],"bounded":[210],"scenarios":[212],"descriptive":[214],"stress":[215],"tests,":[216],"probabilistic":[218],"predictions.":[219],"Discussion":[220],"findings":[222],"support":[223],"conditional":[224],"historical":[225],"comparison,":[226],"definitive":[229],"project":[230,268],"winner.":[231],"A":[232],"four-dam":[233],"formulation":[235],"estimating":[240],"correlations":[241],"across":[242],"eight":[243],"criteria":[244],"four":[247],"provides":[249],"insufficient":[250],"information":[251],"reliable":[253],"weighting.":[254],"Later":[255],"JICA":[256],"reports":[257],"provide":[258],"updated":[259],"context":[260],"but":[261],"no":[262],"contemporary":[264],"seven-option":[265],"matrix.":[266],"Any":[267],"recommendation":[269],"requires":[270],"renewed,":[271],"evidence.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}
