{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225625740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","title":"Multiaxial Mechanical and Environmental Characterization of Compression\u2011Molded Sustainable Polyester Composites Reinforced with Virgin and Recycled Non\u2011Woven Textiles","display_name":"Multiaxial Mechanical and Environmental Characterization of Compression\u2011Molded Sustainable Polyester Composites Reinforced with Virgin and Recycled Non\u2011Woven Textiles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225625740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11440417/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11440417/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112646153","display_name":"Eman Mustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1193-7619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1193-7619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130009713","display_name":"Suez University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndhrx30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman Mustafa\u00b9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suez University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suez University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010646615","display_name":"Doaa H. Elgohary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-912X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7272-912X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doaa H. Elgohary","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061453271","display_name":"Wael A. Hashima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-1463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9144-1463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael A. Hashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alexandria University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alexandria University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072204805","display_name":"Mohamed I. A. Habba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-1667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-1667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130009713","display_name":"Suez University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndhrx30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed I. A. Habba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suez University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suez University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11664","display_name":"Fiber-reinforced polymer composites","score":0.21529999375343323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recycled-pet-bottles","display_name":"recycled PET bottles","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needle-punching","display_name":"needle punching","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-bonding","display_name":"thermal bonding","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression-molding","display_name":"compression molding","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribological-wear","display_name":"tribological wear","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-uptake","display_name":"water absorption","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thickness-swelling","display_name":"thickness swelling","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-matrix-debonding","display_name":"fiber-matrix debonding","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-sources","display_name":"fiber sources","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-composites","display_name":"sustainable composites","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-recycling","display_name":"textile recycling","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.8134999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.7246000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119394753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188245","display_name":"Polyester","level":2,"score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168314062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2550696","display_name":"Absorption of water","level":2,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780017307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145863","display_name":"Polyethylene terephthalate","level":2,"score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186867162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940262","display_name":"Compression molding","level":3,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67558686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770806","display_name":"Molding (decorative)","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164767435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28823","display_name":"Textile","level":2,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11750728","display_name":"Punching","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781384777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146559","display_name":"Polyester resin","level":3,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182508753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115605","display_name":"Tensile testing","level":3,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167310744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193870","display_name":"Tribology","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779772531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19689164","display_name":"Void (composites)","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11440417/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11440417/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11440417/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225625740.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225625740.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982884020","https://openalex.org/W2916069563","https://openalex.org/W2967113921","https://openalex.org/W3014897235","https://openalex.org/W3027083020","https://openalex.org/W3096320014","https://openalex.org/W3135250381","https://openalex.org/W3161171722","https://openalex.org/W3198818573","https://openalex.org/W4224314478","https://openalex.org/W4226300668","https://openalex.org/W4313656668","https://openalex.org/W4319791002","https://openalex.org/W4367856125","https://openalex.org/W4385811592","https://openalex.org/W4401513886","https://openalex.org/W4402995406","https://openalex.org/W4403886794","https://openalex.org/W4405793080","https://openalex.org/W4407885165","https://openalex.org/W4408997110","https://openalex.org/W4415273237","https://openalex.org/W7128298017","https://openalex.org/W7166357230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194094743","https://openalex.org/W4393852977","https://openalex.org/W1995179585","https://openalex.org/W2159177608","https://openalex.org/W2894947329","https://openalex.org/W3216718345","https://openalex.org/W2091012382","https://openalex.org/W4403855638","https://openalex.org/W4397030247","https://openalex.org/W7211966401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,95,154],"increasing":[2],"volume":[3],"of":[4,28,117,166,276,283],"post-consumer":[5],"textile":[6,67],"and":[7,31,40,59,71,82,92,108,122,129,132,146,193,238,246,260,273],"polyethylene":[8],"terephthalate":[9],"(PET)":[10],"waste":[11,68],"has":[12],"intensified":[13],"interest":[14],"in":[15,79,296],"utilizing":[16],"recycled":[17,61,74,284],"fibers":[18],"as":[19,288],"reinforcements":[20,287],"for":[21,101,134],"structural":[22,297],"polymer":[23],"composites;":[24],"however,":[25],"the":[26,36,163,167,180,217,236,242,270,281],"influence":[27],"fiber":[29,258,266],"source":[30,259],"non-woven":[32,62,277,286],"bonding":[33,83],"structure":[34],"on":[35],"resulting":[37],"mechanical,":[38,271],"tribological,":[39,272],"moisture-resistance":[41],"performance":[42,160],"remains":[43],"insufficiently":[44],"characterized.":[45],"This":[46],"study":[47],"investigates":[48],"non-woven-reinforced":[49],"polyester":[50,56,278,294],"composites":[51],"fabricated":[52,125],"from":[53,66,73,227],"one":[54,72],"virgin":[55,293],"preform":[57],"(P)":[58],"three":[60],"preforms,":[63],"two":[64],"derived":[65],"(R1,":[69],"R2)":[70],"PET":[75],"bottles":[76],"(R3),":[77],"varying":[78],"binder-fiber":[80],"content":[81],"method":[84],"(needle":[85],"punching":[86,91],"alone":[87],"versus":[88],"combined":[89],"needle":[90],"thermal":[93],"bonding).":[94],"precursor":[96,168],"fabrics":[97,169,295],"were":[98,124],"first":[99],"characterized":[100],"air/water":[102],"permeability,":[103],"bursting":[104],"strength,":[105],"puncture":[106],"resistance,":[107],"uniaxial":[109],"strip/grab":[110],"tensile":[111,137,159,183],"behavior,":[112],"after":[113],"which":[114],"composite":[115,158,298],"panels":[116],"C,":[118],"CP,":[119],"CR1,":[120,176],"CR2,":[121],"CR3":[123,170,178],"via":[126],"resin":[127,234],"impregnation":[128],"compression":[130],"molding":[131],"evaluated":[133],"bulk":[135],"density,":[136],"properties":[138],"with":[139,150,177,204],"FE-SEM":[140],"fracture-surface":[141],"analysis,":[142],"dry-sliding":[143],"tribological":[144],"wear,":[145],"water":[147,244],"absorption/thickness":[148],"swelling":[149],"surface":[151],"morphology":[152],"analysis.":[153],"results":[155],"showed":[156,241],"that":[157,214,257],"directly":[161],"inherited":[162],"strength":[164],"ranking":[165],">":[171,173,175],"CP":[172],"CR2":[174,215],"exhibiting":[179],"highest":[181],"maximum":[182],"load,":[184],"up":[185,190,195],"to":[186,191,196,229,292],"2488":[187],"N,":[188,231],"elongation,":[189],"11.26%,":[192],"toughness,":[194],"22,395":[197],"N":[198],"across":[199,222],"all":[200,223],"loading":[201,267],"directions,":[202],"correlating":[203],"reduced":[205],"fiber/matrix":[206],"debonding":[207],"observed":[208],"by":[209],"FE-SEM.":[210],"Tribological":[211],"testing":[212],"revealed":[213],"exhibited":[216,235],"lowest":[218],"volumetric":[219],"wear":[220],"loss":[221],"applied":[224],"loads":[225],"ranging":[226],"15":[228],"35":[230],"while":[232],"unreinforced":[233],"highest,":[237],"CR1":[239],"consistently":[240],"greatest":[243],"absorption":[245],"thickness-swelling":[247],"instability":[248],"over":[249],"a":[250],"10-day":[251],"immersion":[252],"period.":[253],"These":[254],"findings":[255],"demonstrate":[256],"thermal-bonding-derived":[261],"interfacial":[262],"integrity,":[263],"rather":[264],"than":[265],"fraction,":[268],"govern":[269],"dimensional":[274],"behavior":[275],"composites,":[279],"supporting":[280],"viability":[282],"PET-bottle-derived":[285],"sustainable,":[289],"high-performance":[290],"alternatives":[291],"applications.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}