{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225624587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","title":"From landlocked to linked: how the China\u2013Europe Railway Express attracts foreign investment","display_name":"From landlocked to linked: how the China\u2013Europe Railway Express attracts foreign investment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225624587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","pdf_url":"https://www.emerald.com/cwbr/article-pdf/doi/10.1108/CWBR-08-2026-0014/11957295/cwbr-08-2026-0014en.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407068483","display_name":"China and World Business Review","issn_l":"2978-2279","issn":["2978-2279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China and World Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.emerald.com/cwbr/article-pdf/doi/10.1108/CWBR-08-2026-0014/11957295/cwbr-08-2026-0014en.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351123","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-1959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-1959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business College, Southwest University , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-1959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business College, Southwest University , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161336855","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics, Jinan University , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, Jinan University , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011634732","display_name":"\u8c22\u80b2\u5f64","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics, The University of Sydney , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics, The University of Sydney , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161348433","display_name":"Jie Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166427055","display_name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjh2h11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Administration, Xinjiang Agricultural University , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Administration, Xinjiang Agricultural University , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166427055"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13949","display_name":"Belt and Road Initiative","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-europe-railway-express","display_name":"China-Europe Railway Express","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-connectivity","display_name":"railway connectivity","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-growth","display_name":"trade expansion","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-upgrading","display_name":"industrial upgrading","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-development","display_name":"financial development","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution-of-investment","display_name":"spatial distribution of investment","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-prefecture-level-cities","display_name":"Chinese prefecture-level cities","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-cities","display_name":"small and medium-sized cities","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176507212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123480","display_name":"Landlocked country","level":2,"score":0.6766999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983848023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733553","display_name":"Transmission channel","level":3,"score":0.4171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993879009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8137","display_name":"Foreign capital","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60675406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2049349","display_name":"Panel analysis","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780967403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256330","display_name":"Bilateral trade","level":3,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993305921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315","display_name":"World trade","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779685957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110312","display_name":"Monetary transmission mechanism","level":5,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","pdf_url":"https://www.emerald.com/cwbr/article-pdf/doi/10.1108/CWBR-08-2026-0014/11957295/cwbr-08-2026-0014en.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407068483","display_name":"China and World Business Review","issn_l":"2978-2279","issn":["2978-2279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China and World Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cwbr-08-2026-0014","pdf_url":"https://www.emerald.com/cwbr/article-pdf/doi/10.1108/CWBR-08-2026-0014/11957295/cwbr-08-2026-0014en.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407068483","display_name":"China and World Business Review","issn_l":"2978-2279","issn":["2978-2279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"China and World Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225624587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225624587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002408352","https://openalex.org/W2022252416","https://openalex.org/W2022678437","https://openalex.org/W2028460001","https://openalex.org/W2030576955","https://openalex.org/W2031617486","https://openalex.org/W2052198428","https://openalex.org/W2058027786","https://openalex.org/W2072397156","https://openalex.org/W2090944845","https://openalex.org/W2099167504","https://openalex.org/W2105158143","https://openalex.org/W2110475818","https://openalex.org/W2148207779","https://openalex.org/W2203911698","https://openalex.org/W2359235674","https://openalex.org/W2747175379","https://openalex.org/W2756971612","https://openalex.org/W2759178031","https://openalex.org/W2796147482","https://openalex.org/W2800766264","https://openalex.org/W2886963401","https://openalex.org/W2889684428","https://openalex.org/W2896850871","https://openalex.org/W2911504322","https://openalex.org/W2913337042","https://openalex.org/W2979735870","https://openalex.org/W2984358387","https://openalex.org/W2990982040","https://openalex.org/W3005148539","https://openalex.org/W3018853783","https://openalex.org/W3021822145","https://openalex.org/W3023714059","https://openalex.org/W3024792924","https://openalex.org/W3036990834","https://openalex.org/W3084785019","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3121163108","https://openalex.org/W3122984467","https://openalex.org/W3124170156","https://openalex.org/W3124929107","https://openalex.org/W3125351096","https://openalex.org/W3126598800","https://openalex.org/W3135827963","https://openalex.org/W3136212146","https://openalex.org/W3154193433","https://openalex.org/W3202846774","https://openalex.org/W3207984325","https://openalex.org/W4210410636","https://openalex.org/W4212979054","https://openalex.org/W4294192384","https://openalex.org/W4296666892","https://openalex.org/W4306925044","https://openalex.org/W4308737848","https://openalex.org/W4312064844","https://openalex.org/W4317513311","https://openalex.org/W4321788733","https://openalex.org/W4361006396","https://openalex.org/W4386261552","https://openalex.org/W4389524740","https://openalex.org/W4390859740","https://openalex.org/W4392807123","https://openalex.org/W4392916381","https://openalex.org/W4396901112","https://openalex.org/W4401209787","https://openalex.org/W4402916084","https://openalex.org/W4403155317","https://openalex.org/W4404851957","https://openalex.org/W4406410416","https://openalex.org/W4408432744","https://openalex.org/W4409164340","https://openalex.org/W4410197403","https://openalex.org/W4410695226","https://openalex.org/W4413419889","https://openalex.org/W4416537155","https://openalex.org/W7103888411","https://openalex.org/W7135195886","https://openalex.org/W7152523246","https://openalex.org/W7162292297","https://openalex.org/W7164640905","https://openalex.org/W7165780817","https://openalex.org/W7169497213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386261552","https://openalex.org/W4395113276","https://openalex.org/W4285154494","https://openalex.org/W3202982105","https://openalex.org/W7167406301","https://openalex.org/W3207984325","https://openalex.org/W7154372286","https://openalex.org/W4406036064","https://openalex.org/W4401209787","https://openalex.org/W602169036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"International":[1],"transportation":[2],"networks":[3],"are":[4],"crucial":[5],"to":[6,13,29,79,101,154,268],"global":[7],"capital":[8],"allocation.":[9],"This":[10,214],"study":[11,82,215],"aims":[12],"examine":[14,128],"whether":[15],"and":[16,48,54,65,95,113,122,125,131,188,208,210,231,248,258,261],"how":[17,222],"the":[18,35,84,88,141,144,150,157,172,233,243,251],"China\u2013Europe":[19],"Railway":[20],"Express":[21,90,146,174,245],"(CR":[22],"Express)":[23],"attracts":[24],"foreign":[25,237],"direct":[26],"investment":[27,274],"(FDI)":[28],"connected":[30],"Chinese":[31,74],"cities.":[32,134,212],"It":[33,239],"identifies":[34],"causal":[36],"effect":[37,104],"of":[38,87,117,143,152,236,253],"railway":[39,224],"connectivity":[40,225,271],"on":[41,105,242],"FDI;":[42],"investigates":[43],"trade":[44,183,247,254],"expansion,":[45,255],"industrial":[46,66,186,256],"upgrading":[47,185,257],"financial":[49,190,259],"development":[50,260],"as":[51,91],"potential":[52,180],"mechanisms;":[53],"explores":[55],"variations":[56],"across":[57,133],"cities":[58,76,155,207,266],"with":[59],"different":[60],"economic":[61],"sizes,":[62],"urban":[63],"scales":[64],"structures.":[67],"Design/methodology/approach":[68],"Using":[69],"panel":[70],"data":[71],"for":[72,265],"285":[73],"prefecture-level":[75],"from":[77],"2003":[78],"2022,":[80],"this":[81,196],"treats":[83],"staggered":[85,98],"launch":[86],"CR":[89,145,173,244],"a":[92,97,115],"quasi-natural":[93],"experiment":[94],"applies":[96],"difference-in-differences":[99],"model":[100],"estimate":[102],"its":[103],"inward":[106],"FDI.":[107],"Parallel":[108],"trends":[109],"test,":[110],"instrumental-variable":[111],"tests":[112,119],"other":[114],"range":[116],"robustness":[118,121,166],"assess":[120],"endogeneity.":[123],"Mechanism":[124,168],"heterogeneity":[126],"analyses":[127],"transmission":[129],"channels":[130],"differences":[132],"Findings":[135],"The":[136,159],"research":[137,241],"results":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140,171,195],"launching":[142],"has":[147],"significantly":[148],"increased":[149],"inflow":[151],"FDI":[153,177,217],"along":[156],"route.":[158],"conclusion":[160],"is":[161,199],"still":[162],"valid":[163],"after":[164],"many":[165],"tests.":[167],"analysis":[169,193],"shows":[170],"may":[175],"influence":[176],"through":[178],"three":[179],"channels:":[181],"expanding":[182],"scale,":[184],"structure":[187],"promoting":[189],"development.":[191],"Further":[192],"found":[194],"positive":[197],"impact":[198],"more":[200],"obvious":[201],"in":[202],"economically":[203],"less-developed":[204],"cities,":[205],"service-oriented":[206],"small-":[209],"medium-sized":[211],"Originality/value":[213],"extends":[216],"location":[218],"theory":[219],"by":[220],"showing":[221],"cross-border":[223],"can":[226],"offset":[227],"inland":[228],"geographical":[229],"disadvantages":[230],"reshape":[232],"spatial":[234],"distribution":[235],"investment.":[238],"broadens":[240],"beyond":[246],"productivity,":[249],"clarifies":[250],"roles":[252],"provides":[262],"practical":[263],"insights":[264],"seeking":[267],"convert":[269],"transport":[270],"into":[272],"sustainable":[273],"attractiveness.":[275],"Highlights":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-10T00:00:00"}